Orchard grass - orchard grass

Japanese: オーチャードグラス - おーちゃーどぐらす(英語表記)orchard grass
Orchard grass - orchard grass

A perennial grass of the family Poaceae (APG classification: Poaceae). The roots are hair-like. The culm is 0.6-1.2 meters tall, and the leaf blade is linear, 2-10 mm wide, about 30 cm long, and grayish blue-green. The young leaf blade is folded into a trough shape. In May and June, a panicle 10-30 cm long is produced at the top of the stem, and the branches of the inflorescence spread out during the flowering season, and spikelets are produced at the end of the panicle. The spikelet is 8-10 mm long and usually consists of 4 florets. The English name is cook's-foot because the florets are finger-shaped like waterfowl, and the Japanese name Kamogaya (duck grass) is derived from this. Native to the temperate zones of Europe and Asia, it began to be cultivated as pasture grass in Europe and the United States around the 18th and 19th centuries, and was introduced to Hokkaido as pasture grass in Japan in the early Meiji period.

It is now cultivated throughout the country, and has grown wild on roadsides and in fields. It is often sown together with Ladino clover and red clover for pasture, and is also used as green fodder and silage. It grows well in the shade, and was named orchard grass because it was cultivated as undergrowth in orchards. It is sown by August in cooler regions and October in warmer regions, and is harvested repeatedly for 3 to 6 years.

[Hoshikawa Kiyochika August 20, 2019]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の多年草。根はひげ状。稈(かん)は高さ0.6~1.2メートル、葉身は線形で幅2~10ミリメートル、長さ約30センチメートル、灰色を帯びた青緑色を呈する。若い葉身は樋(とい)状に折り畳まれて出る。5~6月、茎頂に長さ10~30センチメートルの円錐(えんすい)花序をつけ、花序の枝は開花期には広がり、その先に小穂をつける。小穂は長さ8~10ミリメートル、普通は4小花からなる。小花が水鳥の指状につくのでcook's-footという英名があり、和名のカモガヤ(鴨茅)はこれにちなむ。ヨーロッパ、アジアの温帯原産で、18~19世紀ごろから欧米で牧草として栽培が始まり、日本へは明治初年に牧草として北海道に導入された。

 現在は全国で栽培され、道端や原野に野生化もしている。ラジノクローバーやレッドクローバーといっしょに播(ま)き、牧草地にすることが多く、青刈り飼料やサイレージにもする。日陰でもよく育ち、果樹園orchardの下草に栽培したことからオーチャードグラスの名がある。寒地では8月、暖地では10月ごろまでに播き、3~6年間刈り取りを繰り返す。

[星川清親 2019年8月20日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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