Fokís (English spelling)

Japanese: フォキス - ふぉきす(英語表記)Fokís
Fokís (English spelling)

A prefecture in central Greece. The classical Greek spelling is Phokis. The English name is Phocis. It is located on the north shore of the Gulf of Corinth. It has an area of ​​2,120 square kilometers and a population of 49,200 (estimated in 2003). Its capital is Amfissa. To the north of the Parnassus mountain range (highest peak 2,457 meters) lies the fertile plain of the middle reaches of the Kephissos River, and to the south is the Chrysa Gorge, a rich olive forest that connects to the Gulf of Corinth. Because of the mountainous area, the main industries are olive cultivation and livestock farming.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

Since ancient times, the Phocians have been a part of central Greece, and Delphi, famous for its oracle, was located at the southern foot of Mount Parnassus. The Phocians spoke a northwestern Greek dialect and were part of the Delphic Amphiktionia (a tribal league), forming a strong alliance since the 6th century BC. During the Persian Wars, they sided with Persia in the Battle of Plataea, and in the Second Sacred War in the middle of the 5th century BC, they gained the support of Athens and took control of Delphi, which had been independent since the First Sacred War. In the Peloponnesian War, they sided with Sparta, and after the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, they were incorporated into the sphere of influence of Thebes. In the Third Sacred War from 356 to 346 BC, they put up a brave resistance, but eventually succumbed to King Philip II of Macedonia. In the 3rd century BC it was part of the Aetolian League and allied with the Kingdom of Macedonia, forming a new league in 189 BC, but from 146 BC it came under Roman authority.

[Shoji Kiyonaga]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア中部の県。古典ギリシア語の綴(つづ)りはPhokis。英語名フォーシスPhocis。コリント湾の北岸に位置する。面積2120平方キロメートル、人口4万9200(2003推計)。県都アンフィサAmfissa。パルナッソス山系(最高峰2457メートル)を挟んで北側には肥沃(ひよく)なケフィソス川中流域の平野が広がり、南側にはコリント湾に接続する豊かなオリーブ樹林のクリサ峡谷が開ける。山がちなためオリーブ栽培のほかには牧畜が主たる産業である。

[真下とも子]

歴史

古代から中部ギリシアの一地域をなし、パルナッソス山の南麓(なんろく)に神託で有名なデルフォイがあった。フォキス人は北西ギリシア方言を用い、デルフォイのアンフィクティオニア(隣保同盟)の一員であり、紀元前6世紀以来、強固な同盟を組織した。ペルシア戦争の際は、プラタイアイの戦いでペルシア側につき、前5世紀なかばの第2回神聖戦争では、アテネの援助を得て第1回神聖戦争以来独立していたデルフォイを支配下に置いた。ペロポネソス戦争ではスパルタに味方し、前371年のレウクトラの戦い以後はテーベの勢力圏に組み入れられ、前356~前346年の第3回神聖戦争では勇敢に抵抗したが、力尽きてマケドニア王フィリッポス2世に屈した。前3世紀にはアイトリア同盟に属したりマケドニア王国と結んだりし、前189年に新しい同盟を結成したが、前146年以降ローマの実権下に入った。

[清永昭次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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