Oscillograph - oscillograph

Japanese: オシログラフ - おしろぐらふ(英語表記)oscillograph
Oscillograph - oscillograph

A type of device that uses the electromagnetic effect of the electrical signal to vibrate a mechanical vibrator with vibration characteristics suited to the signal being measured, and records or observes the change in the signal over time. It is also called an electromagnetic oscillograph. It is used to observe phenomena with low frequencies (practically below 2 kHz). The structure differs depending on the product from each company, but it is made up of a vibrator, optical system, recording unit, and power supply unit, all of which are housed in a single box to make it compact.

The transducer is a kind of reflection galvanometer with extremely small dimensions and high natural frequency. It consists of two phosphor bronze strips (thin wires) stretched in a strong magnetic field (1-2 Tesla) generated between the pole pieces of a permanent magnet, with a tiny reflector attached to the center. When a reciprocating current proportional to the signal is passed through the two strips, they bend back and forth due to electromagnetic action, tilting the reflector and causing the reflected light to "oscillate" according to the strength of the current. This is observed on a screen or recorded on photographic film. To obtain an appropriate damping force, the transducer is immersed in liquid paraffin or silicone oil. To record the signal faithfully, it is important to select a transducer with a natural frequency and sensitivity suitable for the signal. High sensitivity transducers are used to measure particularly small signals, but great care must be taken because the safe current is low. In practice, most transducers are equipped with multiple elements, such as 6-element or 18-element transducers, which, when used in conjunction with various sensors, are useful for simultaneously recording multiple phenomena, such as the vibration and stress distribution of various parts of machinery and water pipes.

A pen-type oscillograph is an oscillograph that uses a pen attached to a moving part and draws signal waveforms directly on recording paper moving at a constant speed. It is widely used in engineering phenomena as well as in the medical field. There are various types of pens, including ink-writing, scratch-off, and thermal pen types.

[Toshiharu Takao]

[Reference] | Oscilloscope
Example of an electromagnetic oscillograph configuration
©Shogakukan ">

Example of an electromagnetic oscillograph configuration


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

被測信号に適した振動特性をもつ機械的振動子を、被測電気信号の電磁作用を利用して振動させ、信号の時間的変化を記録または観測する装置の一種。電磁オシログラフともいう。周波数のあまり高くない現象(実用的には2キロヘルツ以下)の観測に使われる。構造は各社の製品によって異なるが、振動子、光学系、記録部、電源部から構成され、これらが一つの箱に収められてコンパクトなものになっている。

 振動子は寸法をきわめて小さくし、固有振動数を高くした一種の反照検流計で、永久磁石の磁極片間に生ずる強力な磁界(1~2テスラ)内に2本のリン青銅のストリップ(細い線)を張り、その中央に微小な反射鏡を張り付けてある。2本のストリップに、信号に比例する往復電流を流すと、電磁作用により前後にたわむので、反射鏡が傾き、反射光に電流の強弱に応じたいわゆる「振れ」を生じる。これをスクリーンで観測したり、写真フィルムに記録したりする。また、適当な制動力を得るため、振動子は流動パラフィン、シリコン油などに浸して用いる。信号を忠実に記録するには、信号に適した固有振動数や感度をもった振動子を選ぶことがたいせつである。とくに微小信号の測定には高感度のものを用いるが、これは安全電流が低いので、十分な注意が必要である。実際の場合、振動子は複数個設けられるものがほとんどで、6素子、18素子などのものがあり、各種のセンサーと併用して、機械や水管などの各部の振動・応力分布など、多現象の同時記録に便利である。

 なお、可動部分にペンを取り付け、一定速度で移動する記録紙の上に、直接、信号波形を描かせるものをペン書きオシログラフといい、工学的な現象のほか医学方面でも広く用いられている。なおペンにはインキ書き式、スクラッチ式、熱ペン式などがある。

[高尾利治]

[参照項目] | オシロスコープ
電磁オシログラフの構成例
©Shogakukan">

電磁オシログラフの構成例


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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