It is an animal of the Cervidae family of the order Artiodactyla of the class Mammalia. It is also called the Virginia deer or the white-tailed deer. It is distributed from North America to South America. It is divided into 39 subspecies depending on the place of origin, and the size also varies depending on the subspecies. The head and body length is 85 to 205 cm, the height is 55 to 110 cm, and the weight is 22 to 205 kg. The horns that only males have are curved forward, and the distance between the tips of the horns in the larger ones is 79 cm. The body color changes depending on the season, and in summer it is light reddish brown, but in winter it is dark gray-brown. The underside of the body, muzzle, throat, around the eyes, and underside of the tail are white, but there are no white spots on the body. The tail is 10 to 35 cm long, and it is raised when running, so the white part on the underside is vividly visible. There is no white spot on the rump like that seen in Japanese deer. They live in forests, either alone or in small groups. In hot climates, there is no fixed breeding season, but in temperate regions, the mating season is from November to December, during which males fight fiercely. The gestation period is 196 to 210 days. They give birth to two or sometimes three pups per litter. The pups have white spots and weigh 2.2 to 6.6 kilograms. Males are about 20% larger than females. The nursing period is short, lasting just one to two months. They live for 15 to 20 years. In the wild, they live for 11 to 12 years. They have been introduced to New Zealand and Europe. The black-tailed deer O. hemionus , which is similar to this species, has a black tip and white spots around its tail, as its name suggests, and is also known as the mule deer. [Mitsuko Masui] © Hidehiko Tamagawa "> Major species of deer (3) [specimen illustrations] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目シカ科の動物。バージニアジカ、シラオジカともよばれる。北アメリカから南アメリカに分布する。産地により39亜種にも分けられ、大きさも亜種により差がある。頭胴長85~205センチメートル、体高55~110センチメートル、体重22~205キログラム。雄にだけある角(つの)は前方にカーブし、大きなものでは角の先端の間隔が79センチメートルもある。体色は季節によって異なり、夏毛では明るい赤褐色であるが、冬毛では暗灰褐色となる。体の下側、口吻(こうふん)、のど、目の周囲、尾の下面は白色であるが、体部に白斑(はくはん)はない。尾は10~35センチメートルあり、走るときには立てられるため、下側の白色の部分が鮮やかに目に映る。ニホンジカにみられるような臀部(でんぶ)の白斑はない。 森林にすみ、単独もしくは小群で暮らしている。気候の暑い地方では定まった繁殖期はないが、温帯地方では発情期は11~12月で、この時期雄は激しく争う。妊娠期間は196~210日。1産2子、ときに3子を産む。子には白斑があり、体重は2.2~6.6キログラム。子は雄のほうが雌より20%ほど大きい。哺乳期間は短く、わずか1か月から2か月たらずである。寿命は15~20年。野生では11~12年とみられる。ニュージーランドやヨーロッパにも移入されている。本種に近似したオグロジカO. hemionusは名前のとおり尾先が黒色で、尾の周りに白斑があり、別名ミュールジカともいう。 [増井光子] ©玉川秀彦"> シカのおもな種類(3)〔標本画〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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