...The independent trade union Solidarity (NSZZ "Solidarność") that was established based on this quickly gained 9.5 million members (Chairman Lech Wałęsa, 1943-), and promoted the formation of farmers' unions, student federations, and other independent social organizations. On the other hand, the party tried to reform its structure by holding free elections within the party under the leadership of First Secretary Stanisław Kania (1927-), but was unable to adapt to the new situation. This resulted in a power vacuum, and in December 1981, Martial Law was declared by Defense Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski (1923-), who was already Prime Minister and First Secretary of the party. From the Polish United Workers' Party...Gielek, who succeeded Gomulka in 1970, adopted an active economic policy that relied on foreign capital, and the success of this policy expanded the party's influence (3.3 million members in July 1980), but contradictions emerged in the latter half of the term, leading to labor unrest in June 1976 and August 1980. Stanisław Kania (1927-), who succeeded Gierek in 1980, was unable to deal effectively with the Solidarity movement, and was replaced in October 1981 by Wojciech Jaruzelski (1923-), a career soldier. In the 1980s, conservatives were gradually eliminated and the party became more reform-oriented, but it was unable to recover its influence, and party membership fell to 2.3 million. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Kania, S." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これに基づき設立された自主独立労働組合〈連帯〉(略称NSZZ“Solidarność”)はたちまちのうちに950万の組合員を獲得し(委員長ワレサLech Wałęsa,1943‐ ),農民組合,学生連合,その他の自立的社会組織の成立を促した。他方,党側も第一書記のカニアStanisław Kania(1927‐ )を中心として党内自由選挙を実施するなど,体制刷新に努めたが,新しい状況に対応しえなかった。この結果権力の空白状態が生じ,81年12月すでに首相,党第一書記を兼任していた国防相ヤルゼルスキWojciech Jaruzelski(1923‐ )による戒厳令布告となった。… 【ポーランド統一労働者党】より…70年にゴムルカの後を襲ったギエレクは外資に依存した積極的経済政策をとり,その成功によって党勢を拡大した(1980年7月党員数330万)が,後半に矛盾が表面化し,76年6月,80年8月の労働不安を招いた。80年にギエレクの後を継いだカニアStanisław Kania(1927‐ )は〈連帯〉運動によく対処できず,81年10月職業軍人のヤルゼルスキWojciech Jaruzelski(1923‐ )と交替した。1980年代にはしだいに保守派が排除され,改革志向を強めたが,党勢を回復することはできず,党員数が230万に減少した。… ※「Kania,S.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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