A general term for compounds formed when acetic acid and alcohol (or phenol) are condensed after removing one molecule of water. Also called acetate. It is expressed by the general formula CH 3 COOR. Ethyl acetate, a typical carboxylic acid ester, also belongs to this category. The general method of production is to react acetic acid with alcohol using an acid such as sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid as a catalyst, and this method is also used industrially. Since this method does not produce esters of phenol, when synthesizing acetate esters of phenol, acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride is reacted with phenol. It is generally a colorless liquid with an aromatic scent. It is often found in fruits and other foods. The most important acetate ester industrially is vinyl acetate, which is produced by reacting ethylene, oxygen, and acetic acid in the gas phase using a palladium catalyst. Other than these, ethyl acetate and butyl acetate are produced in large quantities and are used as solvents. A particularly important ester of polyhydric alcohol is the acetate ester of cellulose, also known as acetyl cellulose, which has a wide range of uses such as in plastics, lacquers, and non-flammable films. [Masahiro Hirota] [References] | | | | | |©Shogakukan "> Properties and uses of major acetate esters Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
酢酸とアルコール(あるいはフェノール)が、1分子の水がとれて縮合した形の化合物の総称。アセテート、アセタートともいう。一般式CH3COORで表される。代表的なカルボン酸エステルである酢酸エチルなどもこれに属する。一般的製法としては、硫酸、リン酸などの酸を触媒として酢酸とアルコールとを反応させる方法があり、工業的にも利用されている。この方法ではフェノールのエステルは得られないので、フェノールの酢酸エステルを合成する場合には、塩化アセチルや無水酢酸をフェノールと反応させる。 一般に芳香をもつ無色の液体。果実などに含まれているものも多い。 工業的にもっとも重要な酢酸エステルは酢酸ビニルで、エチレンと酸素と酢酸をパラジウム触媒を用いて気相で反応させてつくっている。このほかでは、酢酸エチルや酢酸ブチルの生産量が多く、溶剤などに使われている。多価アルコールのエステルとしてとくに重要なのはセルロースの酢酸エステルで、アセチルセルロースともよばれ、プラスチック、ラッカー、不燃性フィルムなどの広い用途をもっている。 [廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | | | | |©Shogakukan"> おもな酢酸エステルの性質と用途 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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