...It is believed that a transition from collective singing and dancing to theater, or from the chorus to independent actors, occurred around the 6th century BCE, prior to the heyday of Greek theater. The semi-legendary figure Thespis is said to be the first such theater actor. In ancient Greece, actors were called "hypokritēs," which is the origin of the French word "hypocrite," which is interesting because it recalls the Chinese word "actor" and the Japanese word "wazaogi." As for the origin of actresses in Western theater, not only in the Greek era, but also through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, for example in the Elizabethan era of W. Shakespeare's England, actors were generally only male, and men also played female roles. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hypokritēs" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…なお,ギリシア演劇の最盛期に先立つ前6世紀ころに,集団的歌舞から演劇,あるいはコロスからひとり立ちの俳優の誕生という変遷が起こっていると考えられるが,半ば伝説的なテスピスという人物がそうした演劇俳優の第1号だといわれている。なお,古代ギリシアでは,俳優はフランス語でいえばイポクリットhypocrite(猫っかぶり)の語源である〈ヒュポクリテスhypokritēs〉と称されており,それは先の中国語の〈俳優〉や日本の〈わざおぎ〉を想起させ興味深い。 また,女優について西洋演劇でのその起源を述べるならば,ギリシア時代はいうまでもなく,中世を経てルネサンス期,たとえばW.シェークスピアのイギリス・エリザベス朝期でも,一般に俳優は男性だけであり,男性が女性の役も演じていた。… ※「hypokritēs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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