Yamabiko School - Yamabiko School

A collection of records of the lives of junior high school students. Compiled by Muchaku Seikyo. Published in 1951 (Showa 26) by Seidosha (published in 1956 as "New Edition, Definitive Edition of Yamabiko School" by Yuri Publishing). This is a practical record collection of writings compiled mainly from the class anthology "Train" of Yamamoto Junior High School in Yamamoto Village, Yamagata Prefecture (now Kaminoyama City), and includes prose, poetry, diaries, and prints by all 43 students in the class. A representative work is "My Mother's Death and Afterwards" by Eguchi Koichi, which won the Minister of Education Award at the Japan Teachers' Union Anthology Competition. The children frankly raised questions about their lives in a poor mountain village, discussed them in class, and sometimes researched data before writing. In the afterword, the teacher, Mujaku Shigeyasu, wrote, "I looked to spelling as a clue to help them discover the true attitude to life that we seek in social studies," and "I was overwhelmed by the momentum of the students' fierce rebellion against the morality of accepting poverty as fate, and the shift to a morality of overcoming poverty." By writing spelling, the children were able to develop sharp insight and logical thinking skills into their own poor lives and the real world, and were raised to be able to frankly express their opinions with the aim of building a prosperous village. This was seen as a human education that went beyond spelling education, and caused a great stir. One of the students, Sato Tozaburo (1935-), is an agricultural critic and a local leader.

[Ryoko Nishida]

"Yamabiko School - A Record of Life at Yamamoto Junior High School in Yamagata Prefecture" Revised and expanded edition (1987, Yuri Publishing)" ▽ "Yamabiko School" (Kadokawa Bunko, Iwanami Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中学生の生活記録集。無着成恭(むちゃくせいきょう)編。1951年（昭和26）青銅社刊（1956年『新版・定本山びこ学校』百合出版刊）。山形県山元村（現上山(かみのやま)市）山元中学校の学級文集『きかんしゃ』の作品を中心に編まれた実践記録文集で、学級全員43名の散文、詩、日記、版画などが収められている。日教組文集コンクールで文部大臣賞を受賞した江口江一の作文『母の死とその後』などが代表的。貧しい山村の実生活のなかで、子供たちが感じる疑問を率直に取り上げ、学級で話し合い、ときにはデータを調べて書いたもので、担任の無着成恭は「あとがき」で「私は社会科で求めているようなほんものの生活態度を発見させる一つの手がかりを綴方(つづりかた)に求めた」「貧乏を運命とあきらめる道徳にガンと反抗して、貧乏を乗り超えて行く道徳へと移りつつある勢いに圧倒され」たと述べている。綴方を書くことによって自分たちの貧しい生活や現実社会に対する鋭い洞察力と論理的な思考力を養い、豊かな村づくりを目ざして率直に自分の考えを述べ合う子供たちを育て上げたところに、綴方教育を超えた人間教育があったと評価され大きな反響をよんだ。生徒の一人佐藤藤三郎(とうざぶろう)（1935―　）は農業問題評論家、地域のリーダーとして活躍。

［西田良子］

『『山びこ学校――山形県山元中学校の生活記録』増補改訂版（1987・百合出版）』▽『『山びこ学校』（角川文庫・岩波文庫）』

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