hypokeimenōn (English spelling)

Japanese: hypokeimenōn(英語表記)hypokeimenon
hypokeimenōn (English spelling)


[Entities and Attributes]
One of the basic concepts in Western philosophy is the pairing of substance and attribute, which also originates from Aristotelian philosophy. However, Aristotle's term ousia, which is usually translated as "substance," comes from the feminine participle form ousa of the verb einai, which means "to be" or "to exist," and is a word that broadly means "existence," as is known from its everyday meaning of "real estate or assets that are actually in front of one's eyes" (Metaphysics, Book 7, Chapter 3). This was translated into Latin as substantia (that which stands below, substance) because the first existence (ousia) of a thing was thought to be in its existence as "hypokeimenon, that which lies beneath, substratum" (Metaphysics, ibid.). Therefore, the relationship between substance and attribute is considered by Aristotle as the relationship between hypokeimenon and symbebēkos (that which is present together = incidental attribute).

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "hypokeimenōn" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【実体と属性】
 西洋哲学の基本的概念群の一つに〈実体‐属性〉という対概念があるが,これもまたアリストテレス哲学に源を発する。もっとも,通常〈実体〉と訳されているアリストテレスの用語〈ウシアousia〉は,それが〈ある〉〈存在する〉という意味の動詞〈エイナイeinai〉の女性分詞形〈ウサousa〉に由来し,日常語としては〈現に眼前にある不動産・資産〉を意味するということからも知られるように,広く〈存在〉を意味する言葉であり(《形而上学》第7巻第3章),これがsubstantia(下に立つもの=実体)というラテン語に訳されたのは,事物の第一の存在(ウシア)が〈ヒュポケイメノンhypokeimenōn(下に横たわるもの=基体)〉としての存在にあると考えられたからである(《形而上学》同上)。したがって,〈実体‐属性〉の関係は,アリストテレスにあっては〈ヒュポケイメノン‐シュンベベコスsymbebēkos(共に居合わせているもの=付帯的属性)〉の関係として考えられている。…

※「hypokeimenōn」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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