A type of mooring facility for ships, it has a structure in which a girder is placed across a pier structure and a deck is laid on top of it, and is functionally the same as a quay, with only a structural difference. In terms of planar shape, there are jetty piers, which are wide pier structures that jut out at right angles from the shore, horizontal piers that are parallel to the shore, and island piers, which are narrow piers at an appropriate depth away from the shore. Depending on the pier structure, they can also be classified as pile type, cylindrical column type, or pier type. Piers are lightweight structures, so they are suitable for locations on soft ground, and it is relatively easy to make them earthquake-resistant. Unlike quays, it is easy to take measures to increase the water depth in front of them, and they reduce rocking within the harbor by not impeding the water flow and suppressing reflected waves. However, they are relatively weak against the shocks that come with ships docking, so it is necessary to consider protective measures, and in rough weather waves act on the upper deck from below with an uplift force, making them susceptible to damage. In general, when comparing construction costs per unit area of a wharf, piers are relatively expensive. [Takao Horiguchi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
船舶を係留する係船施設の一種で、脚柱構造物に桁(けた)を渡し、その上に床版を張る形式をもつもので、岸壁とは構造的相違があるだけで機能的には変わりはない。平面形状では、陸岸から直角に突き出し幅広い桟橋構造とする突堤桟橋と、陸岸に接して桟橋を平行につくる横桟橋、陸岸から離れた適当な水深の所に幅の狭い桟橋を設ける島桟橋とがある。また脚柱の構造により杭(くい)式、筒柱式、橋脚式に分類される。 桟橋は軽量構造であるため、軟弱地盤の箇所にも適しており、耐震構造をとることも比較的容易である。岸壁と異なり前面水深を増加する措置がとりやすく、水流を妨げず反射波を抑制するので港内の動揺を小さくさせる。しかし、船舶が接岸するときの衝撃に対しては比較的弱く、防衝工の検討が必要であり、また荒天時の波で上部の床版に下から揚圧力が作用し、被害を受けやすい。一般に埠頭(ふとう)の単位面積で工費を比較すると、桟橋は割高となる。 [堀口孝男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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