Ota Manor - Ota no Sho

This manor was located in Sera County, Bingo Province. It corresponds to the area of ​​Sera Town, Hiroshima Prefecture. It was established in 1166 (Jin'an 1) when Taira Shigehira, a member of the Taira clan, retained his position as a steward and donated it to Emperor Goshirakawa. At the time of its establishment, it only included Ota and Kuwabara districts, but soon Kurashiki was established in Onomichi, and Uga, Tobari, Yokosaka, and other districts in the county were added, and by the Kenkyu era (1190-11999), the manor had grown to 613 cho of rice fields. After the fall of the Taira clan in 1186 (Bun'ei 2), Emperor Goshirakawa donated it to the Great Pagoda of Mount Koya. Initially, the Kanjinso (monk) Ban'a carried out the affairs of the manor and established a ruling system, and after his death, the Daito-guso (monk of the Daito-guso) took over the affairs of the manor, and first four people from his superior position, and later two (Ota side and Kuwahara side) were appointed as deputies. On the other hand, the Geshi (lower rank) was the Tachibana clan, which is said to have descended from the county and village governors of Sera County, but in 1197 (Kenkyu 8), they were confiscated from their positions for treason, and in their place, Miyoshi Yasunobu, a steward of the Kamakura Shogunate's Monchujo (official office), was appointed as the Jito (local lord). Yasunobu's descendants were divided into three branches: the Ueda clan of Hongo on the Ota side, the Tomibe clan of Yamanakago on the Ota side, and the Ota clan of the Kuwabara side, who hereditarily held the position of steward of the Monjusho, but apart from the Hongo lord, their power bases were weak.

In the late Kamakura period, local daimyo who also served as satazassho (administrative assistant) appeared one after another. Among them, Izumibo Enshin was said to have run a tax transport business based in Onomichi and made a huge fortune. Under them, the governance of the manor was reorganized, and a series of wayo (allotments) were established with the various heads of the manor, and the division of the land progressed. During the Nanboku-cho period, the power of the Miyoshi clan declined, and in 1333 (Ganko 3, Shokei 2), Emperor Godaigo donated the position of land steward to Mount Koya, and the land became the territory of the entire temple family. However, there was a lot of unrest among the local daimyo, and in the Oei period (1394-1428), the land steward became the shugouke of the Yamana clan. However, many of these domains remained undeveloped, and after the Onin War (1467-77) the manors were lost.

[Kenji Iinuma]

"The Great Japanese Ancient Documents: Documents from Mount Koya (1904)" ▽ "Egashira Tsuneharu, "Study of the Ota Manor in Bingo Province" (included in "Studies on the Manors of Mount Koya", 1938, Yuhikaku)" ▽ "Abe Takeshi, "The Land Lordship System - The Ota Manor in Bingo Province" (included in "History of Japanese Manors", 1972, Shinseisha)" ▽ "History of Hiroshima Prefecture: Ancient and Medieval Documents Volume 5" (1980, Hiroshima Prefecture)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

備後(びんご)国世羅(せら)郡にあった荘園。広島県世羅町一帯にあたる。1166年（仁安1）に平家一門の平重衡(しげひら)が預所職(あずかりどころしき)を留保して後白河院(ごしらかわいん)に寄進して成立。立荘(りっしょう)時は大田・桑原(くわばら)郷のみであったが、まもなく尾道(おのみち)に倉敷(くらしき)が置かれ、郡内の宇賀(うが)郷、戸張(とばり)保、横坂(よこさか)郷などが加えられ、建久(けんきゅう)年間（1190～99）までには田数613町を数える荘園となった。平家滅亡後の1186年（文治2）には後白河院から高野山(こうやさん)大塔に寄進された。当初、勧進僧(かんじんそう)鑁阿(ばんあ)が荘務を執行して支配体制を整え、その死後は、大塔供僧(ぐそう)が荘務を握り、その上位者より初め4名、のちに2名（大田方、桑原方）が預所として任命された。一方、下司(げし)は世羅郡の郡・郷司の系譜といわれる橘(たちばな)氏であったが、1197年（建久8）ごろには謀反の咎(とが)で所職を没収され、その跡には鎌倉幕府の問注所(もんちゅうじょ)執事三善康信(みよしやすのぶ)が地頭(じとう)に補任(ぶにん)された。康信の子孫は、大田方本郷の上田氏、同山中郷の富部氏、問注所執事を世襲した桑原方の大田氏の3流に分かれたが、本郷地頭以外は支配基盤が弱体であった。

　鎌倉後期、在地出身で沙汰雑掌(さたざっしょう)を兼務する請負代官的預所が次々と登場した。なかでも和泉坊(いずみぼう)淵信(えんしん)のごときは、尾道を拠点に年貢運送業を営み、巨万の富を築いたといわれ、彼らの下で荘の支配の再編がなされ、荘内の各地頭と相次いで和与(わよ)が成立し、下地(したじ)分割が進んだ。南北朝期、三善氏の勢力は後退し、1333年（元弘3・正慶2）には後醍醐(ごだいご)天皇から地頭職が高野山に寄進され、寺家一円領となるが、在地代官の違乱が激しく、応永(おうえい)期（1394～1428）には山名氏の守護請となった。しかしこれも未進が多く、応仁(おうにん)の乱（1467～77）後は荘の実は失われた。

［飯沼賢司］

『『大日本古文書　高野山文書』（1904）』▽『江頭恒治著「備後国大田庄の研究」（『高野山領荘園の研究』所収・1938・有斐閣）』▽『阿部猛著「地頭領主制――備後国大田荘」（『日本荘園史』所収・1972・新生社）』▽『『広島県史　古代中世資料編 Ⅴ』（1980・広島県）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例