Ootaniwatari - Otaniwatari (English spelling) Bird's nest fern

Japanese: オオタニワタリ - おおたにわたり(英語表記)bird′snest fern
Ootaniwatari - Otaniwatari (English spelling) Bird's nest fern

A large evergreen fern of the family Pteridophyceae. Large, simple leaves grow from a tuberous rhizome in a band-like shape, spreading out in a cup shape, and it grows to a height of 80-120 cm. The leaf surface is thick, leathery, dark green, and glossy. Sporangia grow on the veins that grow from the midrib in a single or bifurcated form. It is an indoor ornamental plant and is also used as a flower. In the Osumi Peninsula, the leaves are used to wrap rice cakes for festivals, and in Hachijo Island, it is called kojibuta, and steamed foxtail millet is covered with the leaves to make koji. In recent years, many of the plants sold in florists under the name of Otaniwatari are actually the closely related Shima Otaniwatari. In the Philippines, Shima Otaniwatari is used as a medicinal herb. It is said to have blood purifying and sedative properties. It grows wild in the Izu Islands and south of the Kii Peninsula.

[Kurita Koro]

Cultivation

The Mitsunagashiwa (Mitsunagashiwa) mentioned in the Kojiki is this species, which was apparently used as a substitute for tableware. In addition to Shimaootaniwatari, its horticultural variety Avis cv. Avis is often cultivated as an ornamental potted plant. Unlike in the wild, when cultivated in a pot the leaves grow to 30-40cm in length. Numerous adventitious buds form on the leaves. Daucifolium A. daucifolium Lam. is also cultivated as an ornamental potted plant. There are approximately 700 species in the Asplenium genus, which are widely distributed throughout the world, mainly in the tropics.

[Takabayashi Masatoshi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

チャセンシダ科の大形の常緑性シダ。塊状の根茎から帯状の大きな単葉を杯状に散開させ、高さ80~120センチメートル。葉面は、厚い革質で濃緑色、光沢がある。胞子嚢(のう)群は中肋(ちゅうろく)から単条または二叉(にさ)になって出る葉脈の上につく。室内用観葉植物の一つで、生花にも使われる。大隅(おおすみ)半島ではこの葉で節句の餅(もち)を包み、八丈島ではコウジブタとよび、蒸したアワをこの葉で覆いコウジをつくる。近年オオタニワタリの名で花屋に並ぶものの多くは近縁のシマオオタニワタリである。フィリピンではシマオオタニワタリを薬草として利用する。浄血作用や鎮静作用があるといわれる。伊豆諸島、紀伊半島以南に自生する。

[栗田子郎]

栽培

『古事記』にミツナガシワ(御綱柏)とあるのは本種で、食器の代用にされたらしい。シマオオタニワタリのほか、その園芸品種のアビスcv. Avisは観葉鉢物としてよく栽培される。野生状態とは異なり鉢栽培では葉長30~40センチメートルに育つ。葉上に不定芽を多数つける。ダウキフォリウムA. daucifolium Lam.も観葉鉢物として栽培される。アスプレニウム属は約700種あり、熱帯を中心に広く世界中に分布している。

[高林成年]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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