... Japanese gentians are divided into four genera: Gentiana, Alpine Gentiana, Trifolium crenata and Trifolium. The genus Gentiana (English name: gentian) includes the alpine species G. makinoi Kusn., G. triflora Pall.var. japonica (Kusn.) Hara, the pale yellow-flowered Japanese gentian G. algida Pall. (illustration), the small alpine species G. nipponica Maxim., as well as the annual or biennial grassland species G. zollingeri Fawc. (illustration), G. squarrosa Ledeb. and the wetland species G. thunbergii (G.Don) Griseb. (illustration). The rhizomes and roots of Gentiando contain bitter substances such as the bitter glycoside gentiopicrine and gentianine, and in traditional Chinese medicine it is called gentian gall bladder and is used as a bitter stomachic, and is also used in combination with other herbal medicines to reduce fever, hepatitis, sore throat, otitis media, high blood pressure, and urethritis. In addition, the roots and rhizomes of Gentiana lutea (also simply called gentiana), native to Europe, that have been fermented to some extent, also contain the bitter glycoside gentiopicrine and are used as a bitter stomachic for impaired digestive function and chronic gastritis. *Some of the terminology that mentions "gentiopicrine" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 日本産のリンドウ類は,リンドウ属,タカネリンドウ属,チシマリンドウ属,サンプクリンドウ属の4属に分けられ,リンドウ属Gentiana(英名gentian)には,高山性のオヤマリンドウG.makinoi Kusn.,エゾリンドウG.triflora Pall.var.japonica (Kusn.) Hara,花が淡黄色のトウヤクリンドウG.algida Pall.(イラスト),高山性で小型のミヤマリンドウG.nipponica Maxim.,また一,二年草で草地に生えるフデリンドウG.zollingeri Fawc.(イラスト)やコケリンドウG.squarrosa Ledeb.,湿地に生育するハルリンドウG.thunbergii (G.Don) Griseb.(イラスト)などがある。 トウリンドウは根茎および根に苦味配糖体ゲンチオピクリンgentiopicrine,ゲンチアニンgentianineなどの苦味成分を含み,漢方では竜胆(りゆうたん)とよばれ,苦味健胃薬として用いられ,また他の生薬と配合して,解熱,肝炎,咽喉炎,中耳炎,高血圧,尿道炎などにも用いられる。また,ヨーロッパ原産のゲンチアナ・ルテア(単にゲンチアナともいう)G.lutea L.の根および根茎を多少発酵させたものも,苦味配糖体ゲンチオピクリンなどを含み,苦味健胃薬として消化機能低下,慢性胃炎などに用いられる。… ※「gentiopicrine」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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