In framed construction, this refers to a wall that is constructed by covering the surface of the framework, such as the foundation, pillars, studs (half pillars used between pillars to receive laths, etc.), and crossbeams, with finishing materials so that they are not exposed to the outside; it is the opposite of a solid wall. A structural style built using large walls is called o-kabe-zukuri, and in Japan this style is used for storehouses and nurigome-style castles (Himeji Castle is a typical example), but it is not often used in ordinary Japanese-style houses. However, large walls are common in Western-style architecture. In o-kabe-zukuri, the framework is hidden by the walls, so there is no need to use beautiful materials (decorative materials) for them. Also, if both sides are large walls, it is possible to install braces and other reinforcing materials in the hollow space between them, and it is also possible to fill them with soundproofing materials, heat insulation materials, etc. On the other hand, because the framework is not exposed to the outside air, in a humid climate like Japan, there is a risk of the framework, especially the base of the columns, becoming corroded or becoming damaged by termites. In storehouses and the like, the exterior is made of large walls and the interior is made of solid walls, so measures are taken to prevent such damage to some extent. [Yamada Koichi] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
架構(かこう)式構造において、土台、柱、間柱(まばしら)(柱の間に用いて木摺(きずり)などを受ける半柱)、胴差(どうざ)しなどの軸組が外部に露出しないように、その表面を仕上げ材で覆う形でつくられる壁のことで、真壁(しんかべ)に対する用語である。大壁を用いて建てる構造形式を大壁造といい、日本では土蔵や塗籠(ぬりごめ)式城郭(姫路城がその典型)がこの形であるが、一般の和風住宅などではあまり用いられない。しかし洋風建築では大壁が普通である。大壁造では壁で軸組材が隠されるので、これに美麗な材料(化粧材)を用いる必要がない。また両面を大壁とした場合、その中間の空洞部に筋(すじ)かい、その他の補強材を組み込むことができ、かつ遮音材、断熱材などを充填(じゅうてん)することも可能である。反面、軸組材が外気に触れることがないので、日本のような多湿の風土では、軸組、とくに柱脚部で腐食やシロアリの害を促進するおそれがある。土蔵などでは外面を大壁、内面を真壁とし、多少ともその被害を避けるくふうがなされている。 [山田幸一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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