This refers to erosion caused by rivers, and is also called normal erosion. River erosion can be classified into two types: physical abrasion or abrasion, and chemical dissolution. Abrasion is the process by which the riverbed or riverbank is worn away by the collision and wear of sand and gravel carried by flowing water. Riverbeds and riverbanks made of unsolidified sediments can be eroded by the impact of the water flow alone. Dissolution is the process by which the current dissolves and carries away foreign matter such as rocks, but dissolution of riverbeds and riverbanks is negligible because contact time is short, and the large amount of dissolved components contained in river water is supplied by groundwater. Depending on the direction of river erosion, it can be divided into incision and lateral incision. The process of the evolution of landforms due to river erosion is called river erosion cycle. [Shigemi Takayama] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河川による侵食作用のことで、正規侵食ともいう。河食には物理的に働く削磨または磨食作用と、化学的に働く溶食とがある。削磨作用とは流水の運ぶ砂礫(されき)の衝突や磨耗により河床や河岸を削り取る作用である。未凝固の堆積(たいせき)物からなる河床や河岸では水流のみの衝撃によっても侵食される。溶食は流れが岩石などの異物質を溶解して運搬除去する過程であるが、河床や河岸における溶食は、接触時間が短いために微々たるもので、河水中に含まれる多量の溶存成分は地下水からの供給による。河食の働く方向によって下刻と側刻とに分けることがある。河食による地形の進化のプロセスを河食輪廻(りんね)という。 [髙山茂美] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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