Ghent - Gent (English spelling)

Japanese: ヘント - へんと（英語表記）Gent

Ghent is a commercial and industrial city in the northwest of Belgium, the capital of East Flanders. Its French name is Gand. It has a population of 226,220 (2002).

[Tamiko Kawakami]

Geography

Located at the confluence of the Lys and Schelde rivers, it has canals leading to Ostend and Terneuzen in the Netherlands, and is the second largest port in Belgium. It was Belgium's number one textile city, but it was pushed into a slump by the development of chemical fibers in Germany and other countries, so new industries were developed with the introduction of national and foreign capital. Steel, shipbuilding, textiles, paper, automobile assembly, fertilizer, and petrochemical industries have developed in the northern suburbs. It is also one of Europe's leading horticultural regions, and the Ghent Flower Festival is held once every five years, with the participation of horticulturists from around the world. There are also the 9th century Count's Castle, the 12th century St. Bavon Cathedral, guild houses along the Leie River, and an art museum with a collection of Flemish paintings. It is the home of Ghent University (founded in 1817), the center of learning in the Dutch-speaking world. It is also the birthplace of the playwright Maeterlinck.

[Tamiko Kawakami]

history

After the Count of Flanders built a castle in the 9th century, it developed as a center of commerce and industry, and from the late 12th century, when it gained autonomy, until the 15th century, it supported the Flemish woolen industry along with Bruges and Ypres. When the import of British wool was blocked during the Hundred Years' War, the city rebelled against the pro-French Count of Flanders and declared Edward the King of England King of France. In 1453, the army of Ghent (Ghent) was defeated by Philip the Good, and in 1488 the city was besieged. After the 16th century, when Charles V, who was born in the town, took away its privileges, the woolen industry declined under pressure from Britain and the Netherlands. However, spinning flourished in the 19th century, and the city became the center of Belgium's textile industry. It is also the place where the Peace of Ghent (1576) was signed, early in the Dutch War of Independence.

[Yoneda Kiyohiro]

[References] | Treaty of Ghent | River Skelde

Castle of the Count of Flanders
It originated as a fortress built in the 9th century to prevent the invasion of Vikings. It has undergone extensive restoration in recent years, and now displays medieval weapons and torture devices. Belgium Ghent ©Shogakukan ">

Castle of the Count of Flanders

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ベルギー北西部、東フランドル州の州都、商工業都市。ゲントともいう。フランス語名ガンGand。人口22万6220（2002）。

［川上多美子］

地誌

リス川とスケルデ川の合流点に位置し、オーステンデやオランダのテルニューゼンに運河が通じ、ベルギー第二の港湾をもつ。ベルギー第一の繊維工業都市だが、ドイツなどの化学繊維の発達に圧迫され不振となったため、国や外国資本の導入により新規工業の育成が図られた。北郊には鉄鋼、造船、繊維、製紙、自動車組立て、肥料、石油化学工業などが発展してきた。またヨーロッパ有数の園芸地帯を控え、5年に1回、世界の園芸家の参加するヘント花祭が開催される。9世紀のフランドル伯城、12世紀の聖バボン大聖堂、レイエ川沿いのギルドハウス群、フランドル派の絵画を蔵する美術館もある。オランダ語圏の学問の中心ヘント大学（1817創立）の所在地。劇作家メーテルリンクの生地。

［川上多美子］

歴史

9世紀にフランドル伯が城を築いてから商工業の中心地として発展、自治権を得た12世紀後半から15世紀まで、ブリュッヘ、イーペルとともにフランドル毛織物工業を支えた。百年戦争でイギリス産羊毛の輸入が封鎖されると、親フランス派のフランドル伯に反抗、イギリス王エドワードをフランス王と宣言した。1453年ヘント（ガン）の軍はフィリップ善良公に敗北、88年市は包囲された。この町に生まれたカール5世により特権を奪われた16世紀以後は、イギリス、オランダに押されて毛織物業は衰微した。しかし、19世紀に入って紡績が盛んになり、ベルギーの織物業の中心地となった。オランダ独立戦争初期の「ゲントの和約」（1576）の締結地である。

［米田潔弘］

[参照項目] | ゲントの和約 | スケルデ川

フランドル伯城

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