Simla Conference - Shimla Conference (English name)

Japanese: シムラ会議 - シムラかいぎ(英語表記)Simla Conference
Simla Conference - Shimla Conference (English name)
A tripartite conference on Tibetan independence held in Simla, India, between China, Britain, and Tibet in 1913-14. In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and the Qing forces in Tibet were defeated. The Dalai Lama, who was in exile in India, hurried back to Lhasa and declared Tibetan independence. Britain also sent a strong memorandum of support to the Republic of China government. In the summer of 1912, the Sichuan army entered Tibet with the aim of restoring Chinese sovereignty. This prompted diplomatic negotiations between China and Britain, and a tripartite conference was held in Simla in October 1913. The Tibetan representatives insisted that Tibet should become a de facto independent country, while the Chinese representatives did not recognize Tibetan sovereignty and sought to secure the Xikang area. Britain supported the Tibetan side, recognizing Chinese sovereignty but seeking to conclude an agreement with the goal of making Tibet a completely autonomous country and eliminating Chinese interference. After six months of discussion, China, Britain, and Tibet provisionally signed the Interim Agreement (Draft) on April 27, 1914, but two days after signing, the Chinese government withdrew its representative as plenipotentiary and declared that it would not be authorized to formally sign. The British side informed the Chinese government that if the Chinese side refused to formally sign, they were prepared to make the treaty a formal one with only the British and Tibetan representatives. In July, both Chinese and Tibetan representatives withdrew from Simla, and World War I soon broke out, leaving the conference in a state of collapse. The Chinese government's refusal to formally sign was due to its opposition to the border issue in Article 1 of the Interim Agreement (Draft). Later, China and Britain discussed resuming the Simla Conference in 1919, but no conclusion was reached.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1913~14年インドのシムラで開かれた,チベットの独立に関する中国,イギリス,チベット3者間の会議。 11年辛亥革命が勃発してチベットにあった清軍は敗退し,インド亡命中のダライ・ラマは急いでラサへ帰りチベット独立を宣言し,イギリスもこれを支持する強硬な覚え書を中華民国政府に送った。 12年夏,中国の主権の回復を目的として四川軍がチベットに進入し,このため中英間の外交交渉が始り,13年 10月からシムラで3者代表会議が開かれた。チベット代表はチベットが事実上の独立国となることを主張し,中国代表はチベットの主権を認めず,西康地区を確保しようとし,イギリスはチベット側を支持し,中国の宗主権は認めるが,チベットを完全な自治国として,中国の干渉を排除することを目標に協定を結ぼうとした。6ヵ月の討議を経て,14年4月 27日中国,イギリス,チベット3者は暫定協定 (草案) に仮署名したが,中国政府は署名の2日後に自国代表の全権委員を取消し,これに正式署名の権限を与えない旨を声明した。イギリス側は中国政府に対して,中国側が正式署名を拒絶するならばイギリスとチベットの両者代表のみで正式条約とする準備があると申入れた。7月中国とチベットの両代表はともにシムラを引揚げるにいたり,やがて第1次世界大戦が勃発し,会議は決裂のまま放置されることになった。中国政府が正式署名を拒否した理由は,暫定協定 (草案) 第1条の境界線問題に対する反対であった。のち 19年に中英両国間でシムラ会議の再開が論議されたが,結論に到達しなかった。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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