Emperor Ojin

According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, he was the 15th emperor and ruled around the 5th century. He was the son of Emperor Chuai and his mother was Empress Jingu. His given name was Hondawake no Mikoto. He was born in Tsukushi and traveled to Yamato with his mother, where he became king after Empress Jingu. The legends of the reign of Emperor Ojin include tribute from the Emishi, contributions from Kuzu in Yoshino Province, and the administrative organization of Kibi, as well as stories of immigrants from the Korean Peninsula, but the authenticity of the legends recorded in the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki requires textual criticism. There is a theory that the name San, King of Wa, which appears in the section on Wakoku in the Ibanden section of the "Song Shu" (Book of Song), is Emperor Ojin. His given name has a different meaning (Wake), and there are differences in the posthumous names and given names before and after Emperor Ojin. There is also a difference in the atmosphere of the legends from Emperor Ojin to Empress Jingu, and the main burial mounds believed to be royal tombs from the 5th century are located in Kawachi (Osaka Prefecture). Based on these facts, some theories suggest that Emperor Ojin's dynasty was a new Kawachi dynasty. Others, focusing on the burial mound culture of the time, suggest that it was the dynasty of a horse-riding people who marched eastward from Tsukushi. According to the Kojiki and Engishiki, his tomb is said to be Ega no Mofushi no Oka no Misasagi (Kondaryo) in Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture.

[Masaaki Ueda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

記紀では第15代の天皇とする5世紀前後の王者。仲哀(ちゅうあい)天皇の皇子で、母は神功(じんぐう)皇后と伝える。諱(いみな)は誉田別尊（品陀和気命）(ほんだわけのみこと)。筑紫(つくし)で生まれ、母とともに大和(やまと)に赴き、神功皇后の次に王位についたという。応神天皇の代の伝承には、蝦夷(えみし)の朝貢、吉野国樔(くず)の貢献、吉備(きび)の行政的編成などのほか、朝鮮半島からの渡来人の伝えがみえるが、『古事記』や『日本書紀』に記載する伝承の信憑(しんぴょう)性については、文献批判を必要とする。『宋書(そうじょ)』夷蛮(いばん)伝の倭国(わこく)の条にみえる、倭王讃(さん)については、これを応神天皇とする説がある。その諱が別（和気）を帯びており、応神天皇の以前と以後では諡(おくりな)、諱に差異があること、また応神天皇以後と、神功皇后までの説話の趣(おもむき)には違いがあって、5世紀の王陵と伝える古墳が主として河内(かわち)（大阪府）にあることなどから、応神天皇の王朝は新たな河内王朝であったとする説や、当時の古墳文化に注目して、筑紫から東征した騎馬民族の王朝とする説などがある。陵は『古事記』や『延喜式(えんぎしき)』などによれば、大阪府羽曳野(はびきの)市にある恵我藻伏崗陵(えがのもふしのおかのみささぎ)（誉田陵(こんだりょう)）と伝える。

［上田正昭］

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