Bereshith; Genesis

Japanese: 創世記 - そうせいき(英語表記)Bereshith; Genesis
Bereshith; Genesis
The first book of the Old Testament, called Bereshith in Hebrew (meaning "In the beginning"). The name Genesis comes from the Septuagint (Greek translation of the Old Testament), which says, "This is the origin of the creation of the heavens and the earth" (Genesis 2:4). In Jewish tradition, the Pentateuch, including Genesis, are called the Torah (Law) and revered as a revelation of God's divine will to Moses. However, academically, the Hexateuch, which includes the Pentateuch and the Book of Joshua, is treated as a single document. The contents of the Six Books begin with the creation of the heavens and the earth, and include the selection of the Israelites, the life of their ancestors Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in Canaan, their migration to Egypt (Genesis), Moses' Exodus and wanderings in Egypt, the revelation of the law on Mount Sinai during that time (Exodus and Numbers; Leviticus is a collection of ritual law), the covenant in Moab (Deuteronomy), the invasion and occupation of Canaan by the people of Israel led by Moses' successor Joshua, the religious alliance at Shechem (Amphiktion), and the fulfillment of God's promise (Book of Joshua).
In other words, God's promise in Genesis to give the land of Canaan to the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob is fulfilled in the Book of Joshua, completing the history of salvation. The six books form a whole as a collection of various materials, and Genesis is composed of three of them: the "priestly material (P)," the "Yahweh material (J)," and the "Elohim material (E)." The theme of Genesis is the origin and selection of the Israelites, and its contents are broadly divided into the history of humanity before Abraham and the history of the patriarchs after him. The former contains the creation of the heavens and the earth and humanity, the Garden of Eden, Cain and Abel, Noah's Flood, the Tower of Babel and linguistic confusion, and the distribution of the ethnic groups. The latter contains the biographies of Terah, Abraham, God's covenant with Abraham (12:2), the fall of Sodom, the offering of Isaac, the biographies of Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, and the journey to Egypt.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ヘブライ語ではベレーシス Bereshith (「初めに」の意味) と呼ばれる,旧約聖書の第1書。創世記という名称は,セプトゥアギンタ (ギリシア語訳旧約聖書) における「これが天地創造の由来である」 (創世記2・4) による。『創世記』をはじめとするモーセ五書 (ペンタテューク) は,ユダヤ教の伝統ではトーラー (律法) と呼ばれ,神がモーセに与えた聖なる意志の啓示として尊ばれた。しかし学問上はモーセ五書に『ヨシュア記』を加えたモーセ六書 (ヘクサテューク ) が一つのまとまった文書として扱われる。六書の内容は,天地創造に始り,イスラエル民族の選び,その先祖アブラハム,イサク,ヤコブらのカナンを中心とする生活,彼らのエジプト移住 (創世記) ,モーセによる出エジプトと彷徨,その間のシナイ山における律法の啓示 (出エジプト記,民数記。レビ記は祭儀的な律法の集成) ,モアブでの契約 (申命記 ) ,モーセの後継者ヨシュアに率いられたイスラエルの民のカナン侵入,占拠,シケムでの宗教連合 (アンフィクティオニー) ,神の約束の成就 (ヨシュア記) が記されている。
すなわち『創世記』でアブラハム,イサク,ヤコブら族長に対して,カナンの地を与えるといわれていた神の約束は,『ヨシュア記』で成就され救済史として完結している。この六書は,さまざまな資料の集成として一つの全体を形成しているが,『創世記』はそのうちの3資料,「祭司資料 (P) 」「ヤハウェ資料 (J) 」「エロヒム資料 (E) 」により構成されている。『創世記』の主題は,イスラエル民族の起源とその選びであり,その内容はアブラハム以前の人類史と彼以後の族長史に大別され,前者には天地と人類の創造,エデンの園,カインとアベル,ノアの洪水,バベルの塔と言語混乱,民族の分布が,後者にはテラの伝記,アブラハムの伝記,神とアブラハムの契約 (12・2) ,ソドムの滅亡,イサクの献供,イサク,ヤコブ,ヨセフの伝記,エジプト行などが記されている。

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