"Gospel" means "good news," and the Greek word "euangelion" is used many times in the New Testament to refer to the teachings of Jesus and teachings about Jesus. However, when the word "Gospel" is used, it is specifically the name of a series of documents that record the words and deeds of Jesus. There are four gospels that are recognized as canonical, but there are also several apocryphal gospels. The gospel writers themselves did not call these documents in a consistent manner, and it was only after the 2nd century that the gospels were spoken of as a literary type. Today, they are not considered to be simple biographies of Jesus, but are uniquely composed based on the theology of the religious organizations and the gospel writers, while being based on historical facts. The four gospels that were incorporated into the canon are named Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, respectively, but the first three are closely related to each other and are called the "Synoptic Gospels." Since the 19th century, several hypotheses have been put forward regarding the nature of the relationship, but ultimately the theory that the Gospel of Mark is the oldest and that the other two Gospels drew on it and the collection of Jesus' sayings (the Q material) has come to be widely accepted. [Hiroshi Tsuchiya] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
「福音」とは「よい知らせ」のことであり、これにあたるギリシア語「エウアンゲリオン」は、『新約聖書』のなかで数多く用いられ、イエスの教えおよびイエスについての教えをさす。しかし「福音書」という場合には、とくにイエスの言行を記した一連の文書の名称になる。正典として認められている福音書は四つであるが、ほかにもいくつかの外典(がいてん)福音書が残されている。福音書記者たち自身によるこれらの文書の呼び方は一定しておらず、文学類型という意味での福音書が語られるようになるのは、2世紀以後である。今日では、これらはイエスの単純な伝記ではなく、史実を核としながらも、教団や福音書記者の神学に基づいて独自に構成されたものと考えられている。正典に取り入れられた四福音書は、それぞれマタイ、マルコ、ルカ、ヨハネの名前を冠せられているが、初めの三つは相互に密接な関係を保っており、「共観福音書」とよばれる。19世紀以来、その関係の仕方をめぐっていくつかの仮説が提起され、結局「マルコ伝福音書」がもっとも古く、他の二つの福音書は、これとイエスの語録集(Q資料)を利用したとする説が、広く承認されるに至った。 [土屋 博] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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