Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing a solid organic compound (kerogen) called shale oil. Oil shale is considered to be oil that can be obtained by dry distillation with an oil content of 40 liters or more per ton. While petroleum and oil sands are concentrated in certain regions, oil shale is distributed all over the world. The world's reserves are estimated at about 3 trillion barrels, with large deposits in the United States, Australia, Russia, China, and other countries. To produce synthetic oil, it must be crushed, heated, and the petroleum-like substances extracted and refined. The main mining countries are Estonia, Brazil, and China. Since the first oil crisis in 1973, the production of synthetic oil from oil shale has come into the spotlight, despite the many environmental, technical, and economic problems involved. However, it is less economical than oil sands, so large-scale production is not being carried out. Oil sands, along with oil shale, are referred to as unconventional oil. [Namba Seitaro] [Reference] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
油母頁岩(ゆぼけつがん)のことで、油母(シェールオイル)とよばれる固体有機化合物(ケロジェン)を含む堆積(たいせき)岩である。乾留により得られる油が1トン当り約40リットル以上のものをオイルシェールとみなす。石油やオイルサンドは特定地域に偏在しているが、オイルシェールは世界中に分散している。世界の埋蔵量は約3兆バレルと評価されており、アメリカ、オーストラリア、ロシア、中国などに大規模な鉱床がある。 合成石油を製造するためには、粉砕、加熱、石油状物質の抽出、精製を行わなければならない。おもな採掘国はエストニア、ブラジル、中国である。1973年の第一次オイル・ショック以降、オイルシェールからの合成石油製造は、環境、技術、経済的問題が多いにもかかわらず脚光を浴びるようになってきた。しかし、オイルサンドと比べ経済性が悪いため、大規模な生産は行われていない。なお、オイルサンドはオイルシェールとともに非在来型石油と称されている。 [難波征太郎] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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