Coccolith - Coccolith (English spelling)

Japanese: コッコリス - こっこりす(英語表記)coccolith
Coccolith - Coccolith (English spelling)

A calcareous disk that surrounds the cells of a single-celled phytoplankton called a coccolithophore. It is made of tiny calcite crystals and has a variety of shapes, including disk-shaped, cone-shaped, toric, star-shaped, and pentagonal. Some have a protrusion or arch-shaped bridge in the center. Its size ranges from less than 1 micrometer to more than 20 micrometers. After the death of the coccolithophore, the coccoliths break apart and are deposited on the ocean floor. The chalk layer known as the "White Walls of Dover" on the cliffs facing the Straits of Dover is mainly composed of coccoliths from the Cretaceous Period of the Mesozoic era. They are found in sedimentary rocks from the Early Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic era to modern sediments. However, it is believed that their first appearance on Earth may date back to before the Early Jurassic Period. The evolution of coccolith communities from geological times to the present is useful as a clue to understanding the past global environment and as a means of comparing geological strata.

[Yoshihiro Tanimura]

[References] | Marine sediments | Chalk | Plankton

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

単細胞の植物プランクトンであるコッコリトフォアcoccolithophoreの細胞を取り巻く石灰質小盤のこと。微小な方解石の結晶からなり、その外形は、円盤状、円錐(えんすい)状、円環状、星形、五角形などさまざまである。中央部に突起やアーチ状の橋のあるものもある。大きさは1マイクロメートル以下から二十数マイクロメートル程度である。コッコリトフォアの死後、コッコリスはばらばらになり海洋底に堆積(たいせき)する。ドーバー海峡に面した崖(がけ)で、「ドーバーの白い壁」とよばれるチョーク(白亜)の地層は、おもに中生代白亜紀のコッコリスからなる。中生代ジュラ紀初頭以後の堆積岩から現世の堆積物まで産する。しかし、地球上への最初の出現は、ジュラ紀初頭以前にさかのぼる可能性もあるとされている。地質時代から現在までのコッコリス群集の変遷は、過去の地球環境を知る手掛りとして、あるいは地層を対比する手段として有効である。

[谷村好洋]

[参照項目] | 海底堆積物 | チョーク | プランクトン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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