Linoleic acid - Linoleic acid

Japanese: リノール酸 - りのーるさん(英語表記)linoleic acid
Linoleic acid - Linoleic acid

It is a typical n-6 (ω6) polyunsaturated fatty acid with cis double bonds at the 9th and 12th positions. It is found in large amounts in vegetable oils, especially safflower oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, and corn oil. It is an essential fatty acid that is not synthesized in animals, and requires an intake of about 2% of the energy ratio. It is not lacking in a normal diet, but a deficiency can cause growth inhibition and dermatitis. When the position and configuration of the double bond change, it loses its essential fatty acid activity, but conjugated linoleic acid has a unique physiological function. It has an excellent blood cholesterol lowering effect, but if taken in excess, it also lowers good cholesterol. It is easily oxidized and triggers various lifestyle-related diseases including arteriosclerosis, so antioxidant measures are necessary. In animals, it is converted to arachidonic acid, which maintains the function of biological membranes and serves as a substrate for various eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, etc.) that play a valuable role in metabolic regulation.

[Michihiro Kanno]

"The Selection of Fats from the Viewpoint of Preventing Adult Diseases" edited by Haruhito Takushoku, Sachiko Takase, and Yasutoshi Muto (1996, Koseikan)""Modern Perspectives on Fatty Acid Nutrition" edited by Osamu Igarashi and Michihiro Kanno (1998, Koseikan)""The Science of Lipids" edited by Hiroshige Sakakura (1999, Asakura Shoten)

[References] | Arachidonic acid | Safflower oil | Fatty acids | Soybean oil

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

9、12位にシス型の二重結合をもつ代表的なn-6(ω6)系多価不飽和脂肪酸である。植物油、とくにサフラワー油(ベニバナ油)、ヒマワリ油、大豆油、コーン油などに多く含まれる。動物体内では合成されない必須脂肪酸(ひっすしぼうさん)であり、エネルギー比で2%程度の摂取が必要である。通常の食生活で不足することはないが、欠乏すると成長抑制、皮膚炎などをおこす。二重結合の位置と立体配置が変わると必須脂肪酸活性を失うが、共役リノール酸には特徴的な生理機能がある。優れた血液コレステロール低下作用を示すが、とりすぎると善玉コレステロールをも低下させる。酸化されやすく、動脈硬化を含め種々の生活習慣病の引き金となるので抗酸化対策が必要である。動物体内ではアラキドン酸に変えられ、生体膜の機能を維持し、また、代謝調節に貴重な役割を果たす種々のエイコサノイド(プロスタグランジン、ロイコトリエンなど)の基質となる。

[菅野道廣]

『拓殖治人・高瀬幸子・武藤泰敏編『成人病予防からみた脂肪の選択』(1996・光生館)』『五十嵐脩・菅野道廣編『脂肪酸栄養の現代的視点』(1998・光生館)』『坂倉弘重編『脂質の科学』(1999・朝倉書店)』

[参照項目] | アラキドン酸 | サフラワー油 | 脂肪酸 | 大豆油

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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