...A type of crystal that develops in the shape of a tree when a molten liquid such as a metal or alloy solidifies. It is also called a dendrite. The molten liquid begins to solidify when the temperature of the liquid is somewhat lower than the melting point (the difference between the two temperatures is called the degree of supercooling), but dendrites form when the degree of supercooling is large over a wide range. In such cases, the latent heat of solidification can be continuously absorbed by the molten liquid, allowing the solid phase to grow three-dimensionally. The growth rate of the solid phase differs depending on the crystal direction, so protrusions form in the areas where the solid phase is present. ... From [Nerve Fibers]…The above-mentioned cord-like projection that forms the axis of a nerve fiber is called an axon. Axons can be those that transmit stimuli away from the nerve cell body (neurites) or those that transmit stimuli toward the nerve cell body (dendrites). On the other hand, if the structure that covers the axon is a myelinated sheath, it is called a myelinated fiber, and if the corresponding structure is a Schwann sheath or at least not a myelinated sheath, it is called an unmyelinated fiber. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "dendrite" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…金属や合金などの溶融液が凝固する場合に生ずる結晶の形状の一つで,樹枝状に発達したもの。デンドライトともいう。溶融液の凝固が起こりはじめるのは,液の温度が融点よりもある程度低く(両温度の差を過冷度という)なったときであるが,樹枝状晶は,過冷度が広い範囲にわたって大きい場合に生じる。このような場合には,凝固潜熱が溶融液中に継続して吸収されうるため,固相は三次元的に成長できる。固相の成長速度は結晶方向によって異なるので,固相のある個所に突起部が生じる。… 【神経繊維】より…神経繊維の軸をなす,上記のごとき索状の突起を軸索axonと称する。軸索をなすものは,神経細胞体から遠ざかる向きに刺激を伝えるもの(神経突起neurite)であったり,神経細胞体に近づく向きに刺激を伝えるもの(樹状突起dendrite)であったりする。一方,軸索の覆いをなす構造が髄鞘であれば有髄繊維といい,対応する構造がシュワン鞘であったり,少なくとも髄鞘ではない場合は無髄繊維という。… ※「dendrite」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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