Centrifuge - Enshinbunriki

Japanese: 遠心分離機 - えんしんぶんりき
Centrifuge - Enshinbunriki

A machine that uses centrifugal force to separate or filter mixed liquids and solids. The rotating cylinder (extractor) attached to electric washing machines to remove water from wet laundry is also a type of centrifuge. Centrifugal separators consist of a rotating container. Centrifugal separators without holes in the rotating cylinder are used to separate fine particles and colloids by using differences in specific gravity. For example, skimming milk and separating blood plasma. In this case, they rotate at a high speed of 5,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute. Centrifugal separators with holes in the cylinder are used for filtering, and are also called centrifugal filters. They are used to separate sugar crystals and clarify juice liquid.

The performance of a centrifuge is expressed by how many times the centrifugal force it generates compared to gravity. This is called the centrifugal effect.
Centrifugal effect = (centrifugal acceleration) / (acceleration of gravity).

The magnitude of centrifugal force is expressed as mass x radius x (angular velocity) 2 , so the centrifugal effect is determined by the radius and rotation speed of the centrifuge. Rotation speeds range from 1,000 to tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. Centrifugal separators with a centrifugal effect of 100 or less are called low-speed centrifuges, those with a centrifugal effect of around 10,000 are called high-speed centrifuges, and those with a centrifugal effect of 100,000 or more are called ultracentrifuges. Centrifugal separators are widely used for industrial purposes such as mineral dressing, pharmaceuticals, and food.

[Hidetaro Nakayama]

Main types of centrifuges
©Shogakukan ">

Main types of centrifuges


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

遠心力を利用して、混合している液体と固体を分離したり、または濾過(ろか)する機械。水分を含んでいる洗濯物から水分を取り除くために、電気洗濯機に付属している回転する円筒(脱水機)も遠心分離機の一種である。遠心分離機は回転する容器からできている。このうち回転円筒に穴のあいていないものは、微粒子、コロイドなどを比重の差を利用して分離するのに使用される。たとえば牛乳の脱脂、血漿(けっしょう)の分離などである。この際は毎分5000~1万回転の高速回転をする。脱水機のように円筒に穴のあいているものは、濾過用として使われ、遠心濾過機ともいう。砂糖の結晶分離、ジュースの液を清澄にするときなどに利用されている。

 遠心分離機は、重力の何倍の遠心力を生じるかによってその性能が表される。これを遠心効果とよんでいる。すなわち、
 遠心効果=(遠心加速度)/(重力の加速度)である。

 遠心力の大きさは、質量×半径×(角速度)2で表されるから、したがって遠心効果は、遠心分離機の半径と回転速度によって決まる。回転速度は毎分1000回転から数万回転のものまである。遠心効果100以下のものを低速遠心分離機、1万程度のものを高速遠心分離機、10万以上のものを超遠心分離機という。遠心分離機は、選鉱、製薬、食品など工業用に広く使用されている。

[中山秀太郎]

遠心分離機のおもな種類
©Shogakukan">

遠心分離機のおもな種類


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