…Labor, as a purposeful life activity unique to the human organism, is as old as human history. However, it is only under the modern, free wage labor system that the length of labor time becomes a social issue. There, human life activity is divided into the labor process, which is to create products that belong to others under the command and control of others, and the consumption process, which is one's own free act, and the former becomes a mere means to earn wage income as a cost of the latter. There is a tendency for labor time to be extended as a source of profit for the purchaser of labor power commodities, i.e., capitalists, and this tendency leads to the compression and impoverishment of the time for physical or cultural consumption activities of workers, i.e., their living time, and to resentment and resistance to this. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Arbeitszeit" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…労働は人間という生物に独自の目的的生命活動として,人類史とともに古くからのものである。しかし労働の時間的長さが社会問題となるのは,近代の自由な賃金労働制度のもとにおいてである。そこでは人間の生命活動が他人の指揮命令のもとで他人の所有に帰する生産物をつくるための労働過程と,自己の自由な行為としての消費過程とに二分され,前者は後者の費用=賃金収入獲得のための単なる手段となる。労働時間は労働力商品購入者=資本家の利潤の源泉として延長される傾向におかれ,その傾向は労働者の肉体的あるいは文化的消費行為の時間=生活時間の圧縮・貧困化とそれへの反発・抵抗を生む。… ※「Arbeitszeit」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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