Alienation

Japanese: alienation

…Originally, it comes from the “alienation effect” that Brecht used in his plays. It is also translated into English as alienation, French as distance, and Chinese as staggering or eccentricity, but the meaning of the word is the process of making the subject of a work stand out and appear strange (or unusual). It has been used as a literary technique for a long time, and Brecht is said to have been inspired by the term Russian Formalism. …

From [Alienation]

…the translation of the English word alienation, the French word alienation, and especially the German words Entfremdung and Entäusserung. The latter can also be translated as 〈foreignization〉 or 〈alienation〉.

*Some explanations of terms that mention "alienation" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…本来はブレヒトが演劇で用いた〈異化効果Verfremdungseffekt〉に由来する。英語でalienation，フランス語でdistanciation，中国語では間離化，陌生化とも訳されているが，語義からいえば作品の対象をきわだたせ，異様(常)にみせる手続をいう。文学的な技法としては古くから用いられており，ブレヒトはロシア･フォルマリズムの用語からもヒントを得たという。…