alignment

Japanese: alignment
alignment

...This corresponds to the fact that the spins are not all equally distributed on the quantization axis z . When the spins are parallel or antiparallel to the z axis, the alignment is called polarization, and when the alignment is equal in the z and -z directions but different in the x and y directions, it is called alignment. There are broadly several ways to achieve nuclear alignment: (1) applying a magnetic field from outside the nucleus to the nuclear magnetic moment, causing the Zeeman effect, etc., and then lowering the temperature to achieve thermal equilibrium; (2) using the transient appearance of alignment in a system of nucleons and electrons; (3) aligning electron spins at low temperatures, using the interaction between nuclear spin and electron spin to cause simultaneous inversion of both, thereby achieving alignment as a non-equilibrium state, and (4) using residual nuclei from nuclear reactions.

*Some terminology explanations that mention "alignment" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…量子化軸zへのスピンの斜影がすべて等しくは占められていないことに相当する。z軸に対してスピンの向きが平行あるいは反平行にかたよっているとき,その整列を偏極またはポラリゼーションpolarizationと呼び,z方向と-z方向には等しいが,x,y方向には異なる分布をもつ整列をアラインメントalignmentと呼ぶ。核整列を起こさせるには大別して,(1)核磁気モーメントに核外から磁場をかけ,ゼーマン効果などを起こさせたうえで低温にし,熱平衡状態を実現させることによる方法,(2)ある核子と電子の系に過渡的に整列の現れるのを利用する方法,(3)低温で電子スピンを整列させ,核スピンと電子スピンの相互作用を利用し,両者に同時反転を起こさせ,これによって非平衡状態として整列を実現するダイナミックポラリゼーションの方法,(4)核反応の残留核による方法などがある。…

※「alignment」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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