…Serfholding is when a serf holds land on the condition that he pays corvée to the lord, while customary tenure is when the land is held based on the customs of the manor, and the owner is obligated to pay a “rent in product” or “rent in payment”. Originally, it included not only the provision “based on the customs of the manor” but also the provision of holding “at the will of the lord”, for example, the English “copyhold” had both provisions. However, over time, the two were separated, and the original customary tenure became (1) “tenancy at will”, where the lord can take the land at any time according to his will, and (2) “customary tenure”, where the lord’s will is to some extent restricted by the customs of the manor. … *Some terminology explanations that mention "copyhold" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…農奴保有というのは,農奴が領主に対する賦役を条件に土地を保有するものであり,慣習保有とは荘園の慣習にもとづく土地保有で,保有者は〈生産物地代〉ないし〈代金納地代〉支払の義務を負う。もともとそれは,〈荘園の慣習にもとづく〉という規定だけではなく,〈領主の意志による〉保有という規定を含んでおり,たとえばイギリスの〈謄本保有copyhold〉(コピーホールダー)は,その二つの規定をもつものであった。しかし,時代とともに両者が分離し,本来の慣習保有は,(1)領主の意志に従っていつでも保有地を取り上げられる〈任意保有tenancy at will〉と,(2)領主の意志が荘園の慣習によってある程度制限される〈慣習保有〉となった。… ※「copyhold」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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