Chicago Board of Trade

Japanese: シカゴ商品取引所 - シカゴしょうひんとりひきじょ(英語表記)Chicago Board of Trade
Chicago Board of Trade
The first grain futures exchange in the United States opened in Chicago in 1848. Its official name was the Board of Trade of the City of Chicago. It began as a voluntary association of the city's leading grain merchants. In 1859, it was chartered by the Illinois State Legislature and was given the authority to set the quality and standards of goods for trading. Initially, samples were used to buy and sell grain of uniform quality, but inspection and grading systems were introduced to standardize and facilitate trading, and trading became possible without the need for physical goods. As the market became more standardized, it developed into one of the largest commodity futures markets in the world in terms of trading volume and value. It expanded the range of products it listed to include financial futures (1975), futures options (1982), and futures options based on the Dow Jones Industrial Average (1997). In 1994, it moved from trading on a trading floor called a pit to electronic trading. In 2005, CME became a subsidiary of the holding company CBOT Holdings, which was established. In 2007, the holding company merged with Chicago Mercantile Exchange Holdings, a financial futures exchange specializing in options, foreign exchange futures, and interest rate products, to form CME Group. Under the new company, it began to handle trading of financial, commodity, weather, and real estate futures products. (→ Options Trading, Futures Trading)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
1848年にシカゴに開設されたアメリカ合衆国で最初の穀物先物取引所。正式名称 Board of Trade of the City of Chicago。シカゴ市内の有力な穀物商人らの自主的な集まりとして始まった。1859年にイリノイ州議会から認可を受け,取り引きを行なうにあたって商品の品質や規格を設定する権限を得た。当初,品質が均等な穀物の売買には見本を使用して取り引きを行なっていたが,取り引きの規格化と円滑化をはかるために検査と等級づけの制度が導入され,現物がなくても取り引きができるようになった。市場の規格化が進み,取り引き量と金額において世界でも屈指の大規模な商品先物市場へと発展した。上場する商品を拡大し,金融先物取引(1975),先物オプション取引(1982),ダウ工業株30種平均指標(→ダウ式平均株価)をもとにした先物オプション取引(1997)も扱うようになった。1994年には,ピットと呼ばれる立会場での取り引き方式から電子取引方式へ移行した。2005年に持株会社 CBOTホールディングズが設立され,その子会社になった。持株会社は 2007年にオプション,外国為替先物,金利商品を専門に扱う金融先物取引所であるシカゴ・マーカンタイル取引所ホールディングズと統合し,CMEグループとなった。新会社のもと,金融,商品,天候や不動産などの先物商品の取り引きを扱うようになった。(→オプション取引,先物取引)

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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