'abd (English spelling) abd

Japanese: ‘abd(英語表記)abd
'abd (English spelling) abd

…Compared to the Japanese theories, the period is set much earlier and the idea of ​​total slavery is not so widely applied.
[Islamic Society]
In Arabic, slaves in general are called raqiq (raqiq) as opposed to free persons (hurruḥurr), but male slaves are usually called 'abd (abd) or mamluks, and female slaves are called ama (ama) or jāriya (jāriya). Under Islamic law, slaves were limited to non-believers, prisoners of war, or the children of female slaves, and the existence of debt slaves was denied in principle.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "'abd" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…日本の諸説と比較した場合,時期の設定がはるかに古くなっていることと,総体的奴隷制の考え方があまり適用されていないことが特徴といえるであろう。賤民【岩見 宏】
【イスラム社会】
 アラビア語では,自由人(フッルḥurr)に対して奴隷一般をラキークraqīqというが,通常は男奴隷をアブド‘abdあるいはマムルークといい,女奴隷をアマamaあるいはジャーリヤjāriyaと呼ぶ。イスラム法の規定では,奴隷は異教徒の戦争捕虜か女奴隷の子どもに限られ,債務奴隷の存在は原則として否定された。…

※「‘abd」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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