Paihuawen Movement (English: Paihuawen Movement)

Japanese: 白話文運動 - はくわぶんうんどう（英語表記）Bái huà wén yùn dòng

The movement of colloquial writing in modern China. First, if we take it in a broad sense to mean all the conscious efforts to create and spread a popular written language since the Restoration movement in the late Qing Dynasty, when the limitations of classical written language became apparent and some began to advocate the unification of spoken and written language, it can be said to have been the most important part of the movement to form a common language as a modern nation-state, which passed through the "national language" of the Republic of China and continued to the "Mandarin" of today. However, since the special authority of the written language originated from the concept of "writing" that was the foundation of the "ritual and music" order of the dynastic system, the liberation of literary language, which presupposed the collapse of the dynastic system itself, was essential for colloquial writing to gain legitimacy.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

中国近代の口語文運動。まず広義に解して，清末の維新運動の中で古典的文語文の限界が自覚され，一部に〈言文一致〉の主張が芽生えて以来の大衆的書面語の創成･普及のための意識的努力全部を指すとすれば，それは，民国時代の〈国語〉を経て今日の〈普通話（プートンホワ）〉に至る近代国民国家としての共通語の形成運動と互いに規定し合いながらその最も重要な一部をなしたものといえる。しかし，文語の特殊な権威が王朝体制の〈礼楽〉秩序の根幹をなす〈文章〉観念に由来した以上，口語文が正統性をかちえるためには，王朝制自体の崩壊を前提とする文学言語の解放が必須であった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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