A treaty signed in 1840 between the British government and the chiefs of the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand at Waitangi on New Zealand's North Island. With this, New Zealand became a British colony. The treaty stipulates the following: (1) All sovereignty of New Zealand is handed over to the British Crown. (2) The British Crown guarantees the indigenous people's culture and rights over land, including forests and fishing grounds. The purchase and sale of Maori-owned land requires the permission of the British Crown. (3) Maori are given the protection and privileges of British nationality. The background to the conclusion of this treaty is that New Zealand was colonized relatively late. However, (2) was ignored by the colonial government and settlers at the time, which led to growing dissatisfaction among the indigenous people and became the cause of the Maori Wars that began in 1860. Since the 1970s, as the Maori cultural revival movement and rights restoration movement have become more popular, this treaty has been cited as the basis for these movements, and land rights, fishing rights, and history have been reviewed in accordance with the treaty. In 1975, the government established the Waitangi Tribunal to hear claims (such as land rights) based on the principles of the Treaty. The Treaty of Waitangi continues to be of great significance today as the starting point for equal relations between Māori and Pakeha (white people). Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
1840年,ニュージーランド北島のワイタンギWaitangiで英国政府とニュージーランド先住民マオリの首長達の間で締結された条約。これによりニュージーランドは英国の植民地となった。条約は主に以下の内容を明記している。(1)ニュージーランドの全主権を英国国王に譲渡する。(2)英国国王は先住民の文化,および森林,漁業場を含む土地における権利を保障する。マオリの所有地の売買は英国国王の許可を必要とする。(3)マオリに英国国民としての保護と特権を与える。この条約締結の背景には,ニュージーランドが比較的後の時代に植民地化されたことがある。しかし,(2)は当時の植民地政府と入植者によって無視されたため先住民の不満は高まり,1860年からのマオリ戦争の原因となった。 1970年代以降,マオリの文化復興運動,権利回復運動が盛んになると,その根拠としてこの条約が挙げられるようになり,条約に沿った土地権,漁業権,歴史の見直しが行われるようになった。1975年,政府はこの条約の理念に基づいた(土地権などの)請求を審理する機関としてワイタンギ審判所を設立した。ワイタンギ条約は今日マオリとパケハ(白人)の平等な関係の原点として大きな意味を持ち続けている。
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