Paris - Paris (English spelling)

Japanese: パリス - ぱりす(英語表記)Paris
Paris - Paris (English spelling)

A hero who appears in the Greek mythology of Troy. The son of the Trojan king Priam, he was also called Alexander and was famous for his godlike beauty. He was abandoned on Mount Idea as soon as he was born because a dream fortune-teller predicted that he would one day destroy the country. Paris was raised as a shepherd and grew into a young man who was not only handsome but also brave. At the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, the three goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite fought over the golden apple of Eris that was thrown into the banquet, each claiming to be the "most beautiful woman." Zeus entrusted the matter to Paris on Mount Idea to judge. The three goddesses each dressed themselves beautifully and promised Paris gifts. Hera offered to give him the rulership of all Asia, Athena to always win wars, and Aphrodite to give him the most beautiful woman in the human world. Paris chose Aphrodite. The goddess then led Paris to Helen, the wife of Menelaus, the king of Sparta. He was welcomed in Sparta, but while Menelaus was away in Crete, he persuaded Helen to flee Sparta, thus starting the Trojan War over Helen.

In Homer, Paris is portrayed as a weak and handsome man, but also as a hero who gallantly gallops through the battlefield. He was particularly skilled with the bow, and defeated the immortal Achilles by shooting him in the heel, his only weak spot. However, he was also hit by the poisoned arrow of Heracles, shot by Philoctetes, and asked his former wife Oenone, a nymph of Mount Ida, who knew how to treat the wound, but she refused out of resentment for being abandoned by him, and Paris died as a result. Oenone, filled with regret, committed suicide. However, this Oenone episode is probably an addition from the Hellenistic period.

[Teruo Ito]

[References] | Greek mythology
Canova's "Paris"
1809, marble, height 66 cm, owned by the Art Institute of Chicago

Canova's "Paris"


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話のトロヤ伝説に現れる英雄。トロヤ王プリアモスの子で、アレクサンドロスともよばれ、その神にも似た美しい容姿は有名であった。彼はやがて国を滅ぼすもとになるであろうとの夢占いから、生まれるとすぐイデ山中に捨てられた。そして羊飼いとして育てられたパリスは、美貌(びぼう)もさることながら武勇にも優れた青年に成長する。ペレウスとテティスの婚礼の際、その宴席に投げ込まれたエリスの黄金のリンゴをめぐって、ヘラ、アテネ、アフロディテの三女神が「いちばん美しい女」をそれぞれ主張して争ったとき、ゼウスはイデ山中にいるパリスにその審判をゆだねた。三女神はそれぞれに美しく装い、さらにパリスに贈り物を約束した。ヘラは全アジアの支配権を、アテネはつねに戦争に勝つことを、またアフロディテは人間界でいちばん美しい女を与えようといった。そしてパリスはアフロディテを選んだ。そこで女神はパリスをスパルタ王メネラオスの妻ヘレネのもとへ導いた。彼はスパルタで歓待されたが、メネラオスがクレタ島へ行っているすきにヘレネを説き伏せ、スパルタを出奔する。こうしてヘレネをめぐってトロヤ戦争が始まる。

 ホメロスでは、パリスは柔弱な美男子として描かれている反面、雄々しく戦場を駆け巡る勇者としても描かれている。とくに弓の技に優れ、アキレウスの唯一の弱点であるその踵(かかと)を射て不死身の彼を倒した。しかし、彼もフィロクテテスの射るヘラクレスの毒矢を受けたので、その傷の治療法を知っているイデ山のニンフでかつての彼の妻オイノネに尋ねたが、彼女は捨てられた恨みから拒否したため、パリスはこれがもとで死んだ。後悔したオイノネは自殺したという。ただしこのオイノネのエピソードは、ヘレニズム時代の追補であろう。

[伊藤照夫]

[参照項目] | ギリシア神話
カノーバ『パリス』
1809年 大理石 高さ66cmシカゴ美術研究所所蔵">

カノーバ『パリス』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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