Lausanne Conference

Japanese: ローザンヌ会議 - ろーざんぬかいぎ
Lausanne Conference

Two conferences held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1922 and 1932, respectively. (1) Peace conference held between the Allied Powers and Turkey from November 1922 to July 1923. The Treaty of Sevres, concluded in August 1920 between the Allied Powers and the Sultanate of Turkey, was extremely harsh on Turkey. Kemal Ataturk and others started a war of independence, defeated the Greek army supported by Britain and others, and abolished the Sultanate. The Lausanne Conference held in this way led to the conclusion of the Treaty of Lausanne in July 1923, and significantly revised the humiliating provisions of the Treaty of Sevres. (2) German Reparation Conference held from June to July 1932. The Young Plan, established in January 1930, became impossible to implement in the midst of the global economic depression. Germany insisted on the total abolition of reparations, but France strongly opposed this. In the end, with the mediation of Great Britain, which planned to cancel reparations and war debts, the Lausanne Agreement was concluded, which reduced Germany's reparations to 3 billion marks. Britain, France and others also concluded a gentlemen's agreement to make the cancellation of America's war debts a condition for ratifying the agreement, but America did not officially agree to cancel the war debts, and Britain, France and others voluntarily stopped paying their war debts. In the end, the Lausanne Agreement was never ratified, and Germany did not pay reparations.

[Yu Kurihara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スイスのローザンヌLausanneで1922年、32年にそれぞれ開かれた二つの会議。(1)1922年11月~23年7月、連合国とトルコとの間に行われた講和会議。連合国とトルコのスルタン政府の間で20年8月に結ばれたセーブル条約はトルコにきわめて過酷なものであった。ケマル・アタチュルクらは独立戦争を起こし、イギリスその他に支援されたギリシア軍を破り、スルタン政府を廃した。こうして開かれたローザンヌ会議は23年7月、ローザンヌ条約の締結を導き、セーブル条約の屈辱的規定を大幅に改定させた。(2)1932年6~7月に開かれたドイツ賠償会議。1930年1月に定められたヤング案は、世界経済恐慌の渦中に実行不可能になった。賠償全廃を主張するドイツに対してフランスは強硬に反対したが、結局、賠償、戦債の帳消しを策するイギリスの仲介によって、ドイツの賠償を30億マルクに引き下げたローザンヌ協定が結ばれた。イギリス、フランスその他は別に紳士協定を結んで、アメリカの戦債帳消しを協定批准の条件としたが、アメリカは公式には戦債帳消しに応ぜず、イギリス、フランスその他は自主的に戦債支払いを停止した。結局、ローザンヌ協定は批准されないまま、ドイツも賠償支払いを行わなかった。

[栗原 優]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Lausanne School - English spelling of Lausanne School

>>:  Lausanne - Lausanne (English spelling)

Recommend

Allegoria (English spelling)

Allegory is a literary work or a visual art work ...

Anekoji needle - Anekoji needle

...As for the holes in needles, the Tale of Utsub...

Kabakikomachi spider - Kabakikomachi spider

A terrestrial animal belonging to the family Camp...

Orthoperiodic acid - Orthoperiodic acid

H 5 IO 6 (227.94). As an I Ⅶ oxo acid, it is more...

Big-headed turtle

A turtle of the family Testudinidae in the order ...

Guo Jingchun

…A scholar from the Six Dynasties period in China...

Eikichi Prefecture - Eikichi Prefecture

…During the Qing Dynasty, Jilin was the headquart...

Siwas

A city on the banks of the Kizil-Irmak River in no...

Kamigamo Rokugo - Kamigamo Rokugo

The term refers to the six districts of Kawakami, ...

Sports Ground - Sports Ground

...open spaces used mainly by pedestrians. When v...

Afyonkarahisarı (English spelling)

The capital of the province of the same name, loca...

Morality - Dotoku (English spelling) Moral

Morality is made up of "way" (do) and &...

Bura Sudan (English spelling)

…The only port city in the Democratic Republic of...

Monocular - Tangan

Small, simple-shaped eyes found in arthropods, es...

Scriabin

Russian composer and pianist. He studied at the Mo...