Ratio of signal to noise power or voltage. If the signal power is S and the noise power is N, it is expressed as 10 log 10 (S/N) in decibels dB. Signal to noise ratio. Also written as SNR or S/N. For example, an S/N ratio of 60 dB means that the signal power is 10 6 times the noise power, or the noise power is 10 -6 times (one millionth) the signal power. Signals are information such as voice, music, communication codes, or television or telephoto images converted into electrical quantities, and are a general term for those transmitted through communication transmission systems (electrical circuits). Noise refers to undesirable components other than these transmitted signals. Naturally, the higher the S/N ratio, the better, but the standard value differs depending on the signal being transmitted. For example, high fidelity music (→ high fidelity sound reproduction) requires a high S/N ratio, but a low S/N ratio is sufficient for communication codes. Since it is economically problematic to keep the signal-to-noise ratio unnecessarily high, circuits are designed with appropriate values depending on the characteristics of each information signal. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
信号と雑音の電力あるいは電圧の比で,信号電力をSとし,雑音電力をNとするとき,10 log10 ( S/N ) で表し,単位はデシベル dBで表す。信号対雑音比の略。 SNR,S/N とも書く。たとえば SN比 60dBとあれば,信号電力が雑音電力の 106 倍,または雑音電力が信号電力の 10-6 倍 (100万分の1) であることを意味する。信号とは音声や音楽,通信符号,あるいはテレビジョンや電送写真の映像などの情報を電気的な量に変換したもので,通信伝送系 (電気回路系) を通して伝送されるものを総称する。雑音とは,これら伝送信号以外の好ましくない成分をいう。この信号対雑音比が大きいほどよいことは当然であるが,伝送する信号によって,その規格値が異なる。たとえば,ハイファイ音楽 (→ハイファイ音響再生 ) では,高い SN比を必要とするが,通信符号などでは,小さくても十分である。 SN比を不必要に大きく保つことは,経済的に問題があるので,それぞれの情報信号の性質によって適当な値で回路が設計される。
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