...The doctrine and method of training were strictly Sunni and Sharia, and they aimed to become one with God through silent dhikr of the heart. They forbade other religious groups' methods of training, such as sama (a method of training in ecstasy while listening to music), wandering, and living alone. They aimed to reach a high religious state by training their inner mind while interacting with the people. In the 15th century, they developed with the support of Timurid rulers, and especially during the time of Khwāja Aḥrār (1404-90), the leader of the group, they exerted great influence in politics with their enormous wealth. They advanced to East Turkistan in the 14th century, Anatolia and India in the 16th century, Syria and Bosnia (Balkan Peninsula) in the 18th century, and Sumatra, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and Kurdistan (northwestern Iran and northern Iraq) in the 19th century, and played an important role in the history of religious movements in these regions.... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Khwāja Aḥrār" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…教義・修行方法は厳格なスンナ主義,シャリーア主義を貫き,黙誦による心のジクルによって神との合一を目指し,他の諸教団にみられるサマー(音曲などを聞きつつ陶酔境に入る修行方法),遊行,独居といった修行方法を禁じ,あくまで民衆と交わりつつ心の内面を鍛練して高い宗教的境地に達することを目指した。15世紀にはティムール朝の支配者たちの支持を得て発展し,とくに教団の長ホジャ・アフラールKhwāja Aḥrār(1404‐90)の時代には,莫大な財産を背景に政治面においても大きな影響力を発揮した。14世紀に東トルキスタン,16世紀にはアナトリア,インド,18世紀にはシリア,ボスニア(バルカン半島),19世紀にはスマトラ,ボルネオ,マレー半島,クルディスターン(イラン北西部,イラク北部)などにも進出して,諸地方の宗教運動史上に残る重要な役割を演じた。… ※「Khwāja Aḥrār」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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