Recitative - Recitative (English spelling) Italian

Japanese: レチタティーボ - れちたてぃーぼ(英語表記)recitativo イタリア語
Recitative - Recitative (English spelling) Italian

It is translated as "recitative". In operas, oratorios, songs, etc., it is a part sung as if telling a story, making use of the natural rhythm and accent of the words. It is never an independent piece of music, but is always linked to an aria or the like. There is no set format. Even if the composer has written down the pitch, rhythm, tempo, etc., the singer does not have to follow these and can sing quite freely. It can be divided into recitative secco with basso continuo accompaniment and recitative accompagnato with orchestral accompaniment. In relation to arias, the roles are divided: recitative explains the situation of the story, etc., and aria expresses emotions.

The recitation of Gregorian psalms is also an example of recitative, but it was not until the operas of the early 17th century that recitative became an important technique. In the operas, all lines were composed in a recitation style at first, but as some of them became arias, the recitative moved towards the form mentioned above. In the late 19th century, Wagner eliminated the distinction between recitative and aria, and placed infinite melodies at the center of music drama, so the recitative disappeared.

[Masao Ishida]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

「叙唱」と訳される。オペラ、オラトリオ、歌曲などで、ことばの自然なリズムやアクセントを生かし、語るように歌われる部分。それだけが独立した楽曲をつくることはなく、かならずアリアなどに結び付く。一定の形式はない。作曲家が音程、リズム、テンポなどを記譜した場合でも、歌手はこれを守る必要はなく、かなり自由に歌ってもよい。通奏低音の伴奏によるレチタティーボ・セッコrecitativo seccoと管弦楽伴奏によるレチタティーボ・アッコンパニャートrecitativo accompagnatoに分類できる。アリアとの関係ではレチタティーボで物語などの状況を説明、アリアで感情を表現するという役割分担がある。

 グレゴリオ聖歌の詩編の朗唱もレチタティーボの一例であるが、レチタティーボが重要な技法となるのは17世紀初頭のオペラからである。そこでは初め台詞(せりふ)はすべて朗唱風に作曲されたが、やがてその一部がアリアになってゆくにしたがい、レチタティーボは前述した形式へと向かう。19世紀後半ワーグナーがレチタティーボとアリアの区別を排し、無限旋律を楽劇の中心に置いたことにより、レチタティーボは姿を消していった。

[石多正男]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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