Ghōr Dynasty - Ghōr

Japanese: ゴール朝 - ごーるちょう(英語表記)Ghōr
Ghōr Dynasty - Ghōr

A Turkish dynasty that ruled over Afghanistan from the mid-12th century to the early 13th century. It is also called the Ghur dynasty. During the reigns of Ghiyasuddin Muhammad and Shihabuddin Muhammad, they established their power in place of the Ghaznavids from the late 12th century to the early 13th century. The latter is especially famous in history as "Muhammad of Ghor", who sent an invasion force to North India under the pretext of a holy war (jihad). After the Ghor army under the command of Qutb-ud-din Aibak defeated the Hindu king Prithviraj in 1192, a unit of his Indian invasion force advanced as far as Bengal. However, he himself did not become the ruler of India, and was assassinated in Ghor in 1206 due to internal conflict among the ruling class, and the conquered territories of northwestern India came under the power of Aibak. The Ghorid dynasty was a Turkish kingship on the Afghan plateau, but it is important in that it played a role in paving the way for the establishment of Muslim Turks' rule in India.

[Matsuo Ara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

12世紀中葉から13世紀前半までアフガニスタン地方に続いたトルコ系の王朝。グール朝ともいう。12世紀後半から13世紀初頭にかけて、ギヤースッディーン・ムハンマドとシハーブッディーン・ムハンマドの治世に、ガズナ朝にかわってその権力を確立した。とくに後者は「ゴールのムハンマド」として歴史上有名であり、聖戦(ジハード)を称して北インドに侵入軍を送り、1192年にはクトゥブッディーン・アイバク指揮下のゴール軍がヒンドゥー王のプリトゥビラージを破ってのちは、そのインド侵入軍の一隊は遠くベンガル地方にまで進撃している。しかし、彼自身はインドの支配者となることなく、支配層の内紛のため1206年にゴールで暗殺され、西北インドの征服地はアイバクの権力のもとに置かれた。ゴール朝はアフガン台地のトルコ系王権であるが、インドにイスラム教徒たるトルコ人の支配を確立させる道を整える役割を果たした点で重要である。

[荒 松雄]

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