Fanfani - Fanfani (English spelling) Amintore Fanfani

Italian politician. He was a professor of economic history at the University of the Sacred Heart in Milan under the Fascist regime, and an activist in the Catholic Youth Organization. He envisioned social reform through Catholic corporatism, and joined the Christian Democratic Party immediately after World War II, forming the left wing of the party. He began as a member of the Constituent Assembly in 1946, and served as a cabinet minister under De Gasperi, particularly in the seventh De Gasperi cabinet as Minister of Agriculture (1951-1953), where he carried out land reform, and when he became Secretary General of the party (1954-1959), he pushed for the democratization of the party organization. He also became a promoter of a center-left government, which he brought to fruition in the 1960s. He served six terms as Prime Minister, and during his fourth cabinet (1962-1963) he was noted for nationalizing the electricity industry. However, in his later years, he became increasingly conservative and turned his back on the masses, as seen in his attitude as party secretary-general (1973-1975) during the 1974 divorce referendum, and his confrontational stance towards the labour movement during his fifth cabinet (1982-1983). This is said to be because, after failing twice (1964 and 1971) to become president of the Republic, he abandoned his image as a Catholic reformer and turned to traditionalism. He served as president of the Senate three times (1969-1973, 1976-1982, 1985-1987) and was a life senator.

[Yasuro Shigeoka]

"Capitalism, Sociality, and Participation" by A. Fanfani, translated by Tamotsu Matsuura (1977, Japan Broadcasting Publishing Association)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イタリアの政治家。ファシズム体制下でミラノの聖心大学の経済史教授を務めるとともにカトリック青年組織の活動家でもあった。カトリック協同体思想による社会改革の構想を抱き、第二次世界大戦直後キリスト教民主党に入党すると党内左派を形成した。1946年の制憲議会議員を振り出しに、デ・ガスペリ時代の閣僚を歴任し、とりわけ第七次デ・ガスペリ内閣の農相（1951～1953）として農地改革を断行し、党幹事長に就任すると（1954～1959）、党組織の民主化を敢行した。また中道左派政権の推進者になり、1960年代にそれを実現させた。6期首相を務め、第四次内閣（1962～1963）では電力産業の国有化で注目された。しかし1974年の離婚法国民投票の際の党幹事長（1973～1975）としての態度、あるいは第五次内閣（1982～1983）における労働界との対決姿勢にみられるように、晩年は大衆に背を向ける保守主義が目だつ。それは共和国大統領の選挙に二度（1964年と1971年）も失敗したことからカトリック改革派のイメージを捨てて、伝統主義に転じたためといわれる。三度上院議長を務め（1969～1973、1976～1982、1985～1987）、終身上院議員でもあった。

［重岡保郎］

『A・ファンファーニ著、松浦保訳『資本主義・社会性・参加』（1977・日本放送出版協会）』

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