Regiomontanus - Regiomontanus (English spelling)

Japanese: レギオモンタヌス - れぎおもんたぬす(英語表記)Regiomontanus
Regiomontanus - Regiomontanus (English spelling)

German astronomer. Builder of Europe's first astronomical observatory. His real name was Johannes Müller, but he is better known by Regiomontanus, the Latin name of his hometown, Königsberg. In 1452, he went to the University of Vienna and studied Ptolemy's astronomy under Poierbach. After his teacher's death in 1461, he went to Rome to study Greek and translated the original text of the Almagest into Latin. He lectured at the University of Padua in 1464 and at the Budapest Imperial Court in 1467, during which time he calculated and published the sine table. In 1471, he built Europe's first astronomical observatory in Nuremberg, produced new astronomical observation instruments, and devised new observation methods, contributing to the progress of the Age of Discovery. In 1474, he published the "Ephemeris Table" which was distributed to ocean voyages, and also instructed a method of comparing time based on the angular distance between the stars and the moon, making it possible to determine longitude at sea. When Comet Harry appeared in 1472, he tracked its change in position and confirmed that it was a celestial object. In 1475, he was invited by the Holy See to participate in deliberations on reforming the church calendar.

[Shimamura Fukutaro]

[References] | Almagest | Harry Comet | Ptolemy | Poyelbach

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの天文学者。ヨーロッパ最初の天文台の建設者。本名はミュラーJohannes Müllerであるが、生地のケーニヒスベルクのラテン語名であるレギオモンタヌスが通称としてよく知られる。1452年ウィーン大学に赴き、ポイエルバハの下でプトレマイオスの天文学を学んだ。1461年恩師の没後ローマに留学、ギリシア語を修めて、『アルマゲスト』原典のラテン語訳を果たし、1464年にパドバ大学、1467年にブダペスト宮廷で講義を行い、この間に正弦表を計算し公刊した。1471年ニュルンベルクにヨーロッパ最初の天文台を建設し、新天文観測器を製作し、新観測法を考案して、大航海時代の進展に寄与した。すなわち1474年『天体位置推算表』を公刊して、遠洋航海者に配布し、また恒星と月との角距離による時刻比較法を指示して、洋上経度の決定を可能にした。1472年ハリー彗星(すいせい)の出現に際して、その位置変化を追跡して、それが天体であることを認定した。1475年ローマ教皇庁に招かれ、教会暦の改暦審議に参加した。

[島村福太郎]

[参照項目] | アルマゲスト | ハリー彗星 | プトレマイオス | ポイエルバハ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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