Regia (English spelling) Augusto Bernardino Leguía Salcedo

A president who sought to modernize and integrate the Peruvian nation. Initially a businessman, he became an agent for an American insurance company, and in 1903 he became Minister of Finance in the Candamo administration, and served two terms as president, from 1908 to 1912 and from 1919 to 1930. As a representative of the bourgeoisie, he promoted the construction of roads and railways, urban redevelopment, and public works projects for domestic development. This led to a sharp increase in loans and investment, especially from the United States, and Peru's dependence on the United States, including trade, became evident. He also enacted the "20th Constitution," which was progressive for the time, and introduced indigenous policies such as legal recognition of indigenous communities, aiming to integrate them. His supporters included the urban middle class and students, but they gradually deserted him, and the administration itself collapsed under the effects of the Great Depression.

[Toyoharu Tsuji]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ペルーの国家の近代化、統合化を図った大統領。当初実業家としてアメリカ系保険会社の代理人となり、1903年カンダモ政権の蔵相、08～12年、19～30年の二期大統領に就任した。ブルジョアジーの代表として、国内開発のため、道路、鉄道建設、都市改造、公共事業を推進した。これによってとくにアメリカからの借款、投資が急増し、貿易を含めて対米依存が顕著となった。また当時としては進歩的な「20年憲法」を制定し、原住民共同体の法的承認などの原住民政策を打ち出し、その統合化を図った。その支持層は都市中間階級、学生にも及んだが、しだいに離反し、政権自体も世界恐慌の影響を受けて崩壊した。

［辻　豊治］

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