1773‐1850 The last king of France. Reigned 1830-48. Eldest son of Philippe Égalité, Duke of Orléans. Influenced by the Encyclopedists, he sympathized with the French Revolution, joined the National Guard and the Jacobin Club, and fought against the Allied forces in various places, but went into exile when the Reign of Terror came. After the Restoration, he was ostracized by the Bourbon royalists, and finally returned to France in 1817. After the July Revolution, he ascended to the throne with the support of bankers such as Lafitte, but he suppressed popular movements and encouraged the tendency for bankers to monopolize the wealth generated by commerce and industry, which led to him being called the ``King of the Stockbrokers'' and other sharp criticisms. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1773‐1850 フランス最後の国王。在位1830‐48年。オルレアン公フィリップ・エガリテの長男。百科全書派(アンシクロペディスト)の影響からフランス革命に同調し,国民軍やジャコバン・クラブに加入,また連合国軍との戦いに加わり各地を転戦したが,恐怖政治の出現で亡命した。王政復古後はブルボン王党派に排斥され,フランスへの最終的な帰国は1817年となった。七月革命が実現すると,ラフィットら銀行家の支持で王位に就いたが,民衆運動を抑圧するとともに,商工業の生み出す富が銀行家の手に独占される傾向を促し,そのため〈株屋の王〉などと呼ばれ,鋭い批判を浴びた。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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