Liaoyang

Japanese: 遼陽 - りょうよう

A prefecture-level city in central Liaoning Province, China. It oversees five city districts, including Gongchangling, and Liaoyang County, and acts as the administrative agent for Dengta City (as of 2016). Permanent population 1,858,768 (2010). An industrial city along the midstream of the Prince River, it is home to industries such as machinery, chemicals, textiles, metallurgy, and electronics. The chemical fiber industry is particularly thriving, making it an important domestic production base. The surrounding area produces sorghum, soybeans, corn, cotton, and tussah silk, and the city is also rich in underground resources.

[Michihiro Kono, Editorial Department, April 18, 2017]

history

It was the earliest developed area in the northeast north of the Great Wall, and became a politically and militarily important place after Yan established Liaodong Commandery here during the Warring States period. Around the 6th century, it became part of Goguryeo's territory, and Liaodong Castle was built here. The Tang Dynasty established Liaozhou, the Liao and Jin Dynasties established the Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo as the center of the Liaodong region, the Yuan Dynasty established Liaoyang Road, and the Ming Dynasty established the Liaoduwei and Liaodong Commander. The Qing Dynasty temporarily established the national capital as Tokyo Castle, and later Liaoyang County. During the Republic of China period, under Russian and Japanese occupation, it was a transportation and economic hub with convenient water transportation via the Liao River and as one of the three major stations on the Eastern China Railway, and the South Manchuria Railway established a large engine house here, and the Japanese military garrison headquarters was also located here.

There are many historical sites in the vicinity, such as the White Pagoda of Guangyou Temple, which was built in the Jin Dynasty, and Liaoyang Fortress, which was rebuilt in 1372 during the Ming Dynasty. It is also known as the site of a battle between the two armies during the Russo-Japanese War.

[Hoshi Hashio April 18, 2017]

[Reference item] | Bow Changling | Liaoning (province)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、遼寧(りょうねい)省中部の地級市。弓長嶺(きゅうちょうれい)など5市轄区と遼陽県を管轄し、灯塔(とうとう)市の管轄代行を行う（2016年時点）。常住人口185万8768（2010）。太子河(たいしが)中流部に沿う工業都市で、機械、化学、紡織、冶金、電子などの工業が立地する。なかでも化学繊維工業が盛んで、国内の重要な生産拠点となっている。近郊では、コウリャン、大豆、トウモロコシ、綿花、柞蚕糸(さくさんし)を産し、地下資源にも富む。

［河野通博・編集部　2017年4月18日］

歴史

長城以北の東北部ではもっとも早く開けた地で、戦国時代に燕(えん)がここに遼東(りょうとう)郡を置いてから政治軍事上の要地となった。6世紀ごろには高句麗(こうくり)の領域に入り遼東城が築かれた。唐は遼州、遼・金(きん)は東京(とうけい)遼陽府を置いて遼東地方の中心とし、元は遼陽路、明(みん)は定遼都衛・遼東都指揮司を置いた。清(しん)は東京城として一時国都とし、のち遼陽県とした。中華民国時代、ロシア、日本の占領下では、遼河(りょうが)による水運の便と、東支鉄道三大駅の一駅として、交通経済の要衝で、南満州鉄道は大機関庫を設け、日本軍の駐屯司令部も置かれた。

　付近には旧跡が多く、広祐寺の白塔は金代の創建、遼陽城郭は明代の1372年の改築。日露戦争のときの両軍会戦の地としても知られる。

［星　斌夫　2017年4月18日］

[参照項目] | 弓長嶺 | 遼寧（省）

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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