This is a pattern of development in animals in which the embryo is released from the parent in the form of an egg, and develops using nutrients stored in the egg without relying on the parent's nutrition. In contrast, viviparity is when the embryo develops within the mother's body until it is able to live freely, while remaining in systematic contact with the mother and relying on her for nutrition. All species in which unfertilized eggs are released and fertilized externally are oviparous, and among species in which internal fertilization occurs, those that are laid before hatching are also oviparous. Between oviparity and viviparity, there is ovoviparity, in which the embryo hatches within the mother after internal fertilization and develops mainly on nutrients from the egg yolk. Most invertebrates and most vertebrates other than mammals lay eggs, but among mammals, monotremes, including the platypus, are known as oviparous. Oviparous animals come in a variety of stages, from those that release unfertilized eggs into water to those that build nests, lay eggs, and then raise the young, and this is thought to be related to evolution. [Amanami Amemiya] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物の発生に際し、卵の形で親から放出され、親の栄養に頼らず卵中に蓄えられた栄養によって発育する様式をいう。これに対し、母体と組織的に連絡しながら栄養を母体に依存し、自由生活が可能になる段階まで母体内で発育するのが胎生である。未受精卵のまま放卵されて体外受精を行う種はすべて卵生であり、母体内で受精する体内受精を行う種のうち、孵化(ふか)前に産卵されるものも卵生である。卵生と胎生の間に位置するものとして、体内受精を行ったのち母体内で孵化し、おもに卵黄からの栄養で発育する卵胎生がある。卵生を行う種は、無脊椎(むせきつい)動物の大部分と、哺乳(ほにゅう)類以外の脊椎動物の大部分であるが、哺乳類のなかでもカモノハシなどを含む単孔類は卵生の動物として知られる。卵生動物には、未受精卵の状態で水中に放卵するものから、営巣して産卵したのち育児を行うものまでさまざまの程度があり、進化と関連づけて考えられている。 [雨宮昭南] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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