Complex compound is sometimes used synonymously with complex compound, but it is a broader term for compounds that contain coordinate bonds. In other words, it is a compound formed by coordinating several ions or molecules to one atom. In addition to so-called complex compounds, there are also addition compounds and molecular compounds that fall under this category. For example, the so-called addition compound H 3 N・BF 3 is obtained from ammonia NH 3 and boron fluoride BF 3 , and pyridine N -oxide C 5 H 5 NO is obtained by treating pyridine C 5 H 5 N with hydrogen peroxide. Both of these are coordination compounds such as H 3 N→BF 3 and C 5 H 5 N→O (→ represents a coordinate bond), in which the unshared electron pair of N is coordinated to the vacant orbital of B or O by a coordinate bond. Common complex compounds such as [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ]Cl 3 , K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ], and [Cr(H 2 O) 6 ]Cl 3 are coordination compounds in which the unshared electron pairs of N, C, and O, such as NH 3 , CN - , and H 2 O, are coordinated to the vacant d orbitals of the central atoms Co, Fe, and Cr in the complex (indicated in [ ]). KAl(SO 4 ) 2・12H 2 O and MgSO 4・7H 2 O, which can be written in the form of hydrates or molecular compounds, are also coordination compounds because they are compounds consisting of complexes such as [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ and [Mg(H 2 O) 6 ] 2+ , respectively. [Nakahara Katsunori] "Structure of Coordination Compounds" by Shoichiro Yamada (1980, Kagaku Dojin)" ▽ "Coordination Chemistry - Chemistry of Metal Complexes" by F. Basolo and R.C. Johnson, translated by Shoichiro Yamada, 2nd Edition (1987, Kagaku Dojin)" [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
錯化合物complex compoundと同義に用いられることもあるが、さらに広く、配位結合の含まれている化合物をこのようにいう。すなわち一つの原子にいくつかのイオンまたは分子が配位してできた化合物である。いわゆる錯化合物のほか付加化合物、分子化合物などでこれに含められるものがある。たとえば、アンモニアNH3とフッ化ホウ素BF3とから、いわゆる付加化合物のH3N・BF3が得られ、ピリジンC5H5Nを過酸化水素で処理するとピリジン N-オキシドC5H5NOが得られるが、これらはいずれもNの非共有電子対がBまたはOのあいている軌道へ配位結合によって配位したH3N→BF3,C5H5N→O(→は配位結合を表す)のような配位化合物である。また普通にみられる錯化合物、たとえば[Co(NH3)6]Cl3,K4[Fe(CN)6],[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3などは、錯体([ ]で示されている)中の中心原子Co、Fe、Crなどのあいているd軌道に、NH3,CN-,H2OなどのN、C、Oの非共有電子対が配位している配位化合物である。水和物あるいは分子化合物の形で書けるKAl(SO4)2・12H2O,MgSO4・7H2Oなどもそれぞれ[Al(H2O)6]3+,[Mg(H2O)6]2+のような錯体からなる化合物であるからこれも配位化合物である。 [中原勝儼] 『山田祥一郎著『配位化合物の構造』(1980・化学同人)』▽『F・バソロ、R・C・ジョンソン著、山田祥一郎訳『配位化学――金属錯体の化学』第2版(1987・化学同人)』 [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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