…No matter how perfect the physical childcare environment is, a child cannot develop healthily in an environment lacking love. This has been made clear by research on hospitalism in the early 20th century, J. Freud's research, J. Bowlby's theory of mother-child relationships in the 1950s, and research on mother-child interactions by MH Klaus and JH Kennel since the 1970s. Bowlby argues that a bond of love between mother and child fosters the child's self-confidence and, by extension, trust in others, which leads to the formation of a personality capable of leading a harmonious social life. … From [Hospitalism]...The cause of this is said to be the lack of emotional ties with maternal figures and maternal interactions due to institutionalization. In 1951, J. Bowlby of the UK famously summarized research from around the world and emphasized that maternal care is as essential for the mental health and development of infants as vitamins and protein are for healthy physical growth. On the one hand, this point provided an opportunity to improve facilities and equipment and to resolve problems such as a shortage of staff and low levels of childcare. On the other hand, the ambiguity surrounding the concept of maternal care led to a simplistic understanding and misunderstanding, and the idea of absolute parenting by mothers at home was used as a justification for rejecting childcare in daycare centers, for example. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bowlby, J." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…物理的な育児環境がいかに完全であっても,愛情を欠く環境では小児は健全に育たない。このことは,20世紀初めのホスピタリズムの研究,J.フロイトの研究,1950年代のボウルビーJ.Bowlbyの母子関係理論,70年代以降のクラウスM.H.Klaus,ケネルJ.H.Kennelらの母子相互作用に関する研究が明らかにしている。ボウルビーは,母と子が愛情のきずなで結ばれていることが,その子どもの自己への信頼,ひいては他者への信頼を育てることになり,円満な社会生活を営むことのできる人格形成につながる,という。… 【ホスピタリズム】より…原因として,施設収容による母性的な対象との情緒的きずなや母性的な働きかけの欠如が指摘されている。なかでもイギリスのボウルビーJ.Bowlbyが1951年に世界各国の研究をまとめ,乳幼児期の精神衛生や発達にとって母性的養育のもつ意義は,身体の健康な成長にとってのビタミンやタンパク質と同様に不可欠であることを強調したことは有名である。このような指摘は,一方において施設・設備の改善,人手不足や保育レベルの低劣さなどの問題を解消する契機となったが,他方では,母性的養育という概念の意味する内容にあいまいさが残されていたため,短絡的な理解や誤解をうみ,母親が家庭で養育することを絶対視し,たとえば保育所における養育を否定する論拠にされるという問題をも残した。… ※「Bowlby,J.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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