Lahore - Lahore (English spelling)

Japanese: ラホール - らほーる(英語表記)Lahore
Lahore - Lahore (English spelling)

An ancient city in northeastern Pakistan, on the border with India. It is the capital of Punjab Province and the academic and cultural center of Pakistan. Population 5,063,499 (1998), 11,126,285 (2017 Census). Its origins are said to date back to the Ramayana, but it began to develop as a city after Mahmud of the Ghaznavid dynasty occupied it in 1021. Since then, it has been the base for the control of the Punjab region by various dynasties, and it flourished especially under the Mughal Empire. Around 1566, it was surrounded by a 9-meter-high city wall with a moat and had 12 city gates. The current old city retains traces of its past, and the royal fort at the northern end of the old city has magnificent palaces built by three Mughal emperors, Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan. To the west of the fort is the Badshahi Mosque, one of the world's largest mosques, built during the reign of Emperor Aurangzeb. After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikh Kingdom rose here as its capital, but after its defeat in 1849, it became a British colony. During the British colonial period, a new city was built to the south of the old city, with public buildings in the Indo-Saracenic style, such as the provincial office and a university, and a vast barracks area was built to the east. After independence, residential areas spread around the new city and the barracks area, and industrial parks were built in a planned manner, with various industries such as textiles, electricity, chemicals, and machinery located there. In 1940, the Indian Muslim League Conference was held, which adopted the Lahore Resolution, which became the foundation of the founding of Pakistan, and to commemorate this, the "Minato of Pakistan" was built in Iqbal Park to the north of the fort.

[Ochi Toshiaki]

[Reference item] | Lahore Resolution

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

パキスタン北東部、インドとの国境にある古都。パンジャーブ州の州都で、パキスタンの学術、文化の中心地である。人口506万3499(1998)、1112万6285(2017センサス)。起源は伝承では『ラーマーヤナ』にまでさかのぼるが、都市として発達し始めるのは1021年にガズナ朝のマフムードがこの地を占領してからである。以後、諸王朝のパンジャーブ地方支配の拠点となり、とりわけムガル帝国の下で繁栄し、1566年ごろには、周濠(しゅうごう)を備えた高さ9メートルの市壁に囲まれ、12の市門をもつ都市となった。現在の旧市は当時のおもかげを残し、旧市の北端にある王城は、ムガル帝国のアクバル、ジャハーンギール、シャー・ジャハーンの3代の皇帝により建設された壮麗な宮殿をもつ。王城の西にはアウランゼーブ帝時代につくられた世界有数の規模をもつバードシャーヒ・モスクがある。ムガル帝国の衰退後は、ここを首都としてシク王国が興ったが、1849年の敗戦によりイギリス領となった。イギリス領時代には、旧市の南方に州庁、大学などのインド・サラセン様式の公共建造物が建ち並ぶ新市や、東方には広大な兵営地区が建設された。独立後は新市と兵営地区の周辺に住宅地が広がり、工業団地も計画的につくられ、繊維、電気、化学、機械などの諸工業が立地している。1940年にはパキスタン建国の礎(いしずえ)となったラホール決議を採択したインド・ムスリム連盟大会が開かれ、それを記念して王城北方のイクバル公園には「パキスタンの光塔」が建設されている。

[応地利明]

[参照項目] | ラホール決議

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