Kerch'

Japanese: ケルチ（英語表記）Kerch'

A city in the Krym Autonomous Republic in southern Ukraine. A port city on the eastern end of the Crimean Peninsula (Krym Peninsula). Its origins date back to the 6th century BC, and in ancient times it was known as the Greek colony Panchkapaion. In the 5th century BC it was the capital of the Bosporan Kingdom, which controlled the Sea of Azov area, but later became subordinate to Rome. In the 13th century it was captured by the Tatars, and in 1318 it was under Genoese control, and in the 15th century it was under Turkish control, before declining. In 1774 it became part of Russia. At the end of the 19th century it developed due to the development of local iron deposits. It was severely destroyed during the Crimean War and World War II. Its main industries are iron ore mining, as well as coal chemistry, fertilizer, fishery processing, shipbuilding, and ship repair. The port faces the Kerch Strait, and is connected to the opposite shore by a railway ferry. Large quantities of iron ore are exported from the port to Donbass (the Donets coalfield). There is also a fishing port. The surrounding area is rich in historical sites, including Roman catacombs and ancient tombs (kurgans), as well as a history and archaeology museum. The city is also focusing on tourism development. Population: 178,300 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ウクライナ南部，クルイム自治共和国の都市。クリミア半島（クルイム半島）東端の港湾都市。起源は前6世紀頃で，古代にはギリシア植民市パンチカパイオンとして知られていた。前5世紀にボスポロス王国の首都とされ，アゾフ海一帯を制圧したが，のちローマに従属。 13世紀にはタタール人により攻略され，1318年ジェノバ領，15世紀にトルコ領となり衰微。 1774年にロシア領。 19世紀末，地元の鉄鉱床の開発により発展。クリミア戦争，第2次世界大戦では大きな破壊を受けた。主産業は鉄鉱石採掘のほか，石炭化学，肥料，水産加工，造船，船舶修理などの工業である。港はケルチ海峡にのぞみ，対岸と鉄道連絡船で結ばれる。港からは鉄鉱石を大量にドンバス (ドネツ炭田) に移出。漁港もある。周辺は史跡に富み，ローマ時代のカタコンベ，古代の墳墓 (クルガン) が多数分布し，歴史・考古学博物館がある。観光開発にも力を入れている。人口 17万 8300 (1991推計) 。

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