Russian composer, pianist, and conductor. Born in Semenovo to an aristocratic family. After graduating from the St. Petersburg Conservatory, he studied at the Moscow Conservatory, graduating from the piano department at age 18 and the composition department at age 19. He made a name for himself with the Prelude in C sharp minor for piano, and also worked as a pianist, winning the Glinka Prize for his Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor (Op. 18, 1901), which he premiered himself, and established his fame. From 1904 to 1909, he served as conductor at the Bolshoi Theater for two years, and premiered his own opera Francesca da Rimini (1906). In 1906, he moved to Dresden, where he composed Symphony No. 2 in E minor (Op. 27, 1907), which won him a second Glinka Prize. In 1909, he moved to the United States, where he worked as a pianist until the following year, and premiered his Piano Concerto No. 3 in D minor (Op. 30) in New York (1909). After returning to Japan, he was active mainly in Moscow until 1917, when he fled his homeland with the revolution and settled in the United States from 1918, performing in his adopted homeland and throughout Europe before passing away in Beverly Hills, California. Works from this period include Piano Concerto No. 4 in G minor (Op. 40, 1926) and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini for piano and orchestra (1934). Rachmaninoff's style was consistently romantic, modeled on 19th century composers such as Tchaikovsky, and while it lacked originality and depth, his emotional melodies are widely loved. As a pianist, he also left a significant mark as a leading figure in the Russian school of music. [Funayama Nobuko] "Rachmaninoff: A Life of Infinite Love and Passion" by N. Bazhanov, translated by Hisae Kobayashi (1975, Ongaku No Tomosha) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ロシアの作曲家、ピアノ演奏者、指揮者。セミョノボの貴族の家に生まれる。ペテルブルグ音楽院を経て、モスクワ音楽院に学び、18歳でピアノ科、19歳で作曲科を卒業。そのころ作曲されたピアノのための『前奏曲嬰(えい)ハ短調』で名をあげ、ピアニスト活動も展開、自ら初演したピアノ協奏曲第二番ハ短調(作品18、1901)でグリンカ賞を得て名声を確立した。1904年から2年間ボリショイ劇場の指揮者となり、自作のオペラ『フランチェスカ・ダ・リミニ』を初演(1906)。06年ドレスデンに移り、そこで作曲した交響曲第二番ホ短調(作品27、1907)は二度目のグリンカ賞を受けた。09年アメリカに渡り、翌年までピアニストとして活躍し、ピアノ協奏曲第三番ニ短調(作品30)をニューヨーク初演(1909)。帰国後17年までモスクワを中心に活躍したが、この年、革命とともに祖国を脱出、18年からアメリカに定住して、この第二の祖国とヨーロッパ各地で演奏活動を続け、カリフォルニア州ビバリー・ヒルズに没した。この間の作品に、ピアノ協奏曲第四番ト短調(作品40、1926)、ピアノと管弦楽のための『パガニーニの主題による狂詩曲』(1934)がある。 ラフマニノフの作風は、チャイコフスキーなど19世紀音楽に範を求めたロマン的色彩に終始貫かれており、新しさや深みに欠ける反面、情緒的な旋律は広く親しまれている。ピアニストとしても、ロシア楽派の重鎮として大きい足跡を残した。 [船山信子] 『N・バジャーノフ著、小林久枝訳『ラフマニノフ――限りなき愛と情熱の生涯』(1975・音楽之友社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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